Pollack Keshia M, Poplin Gerald S, Griffin Stephanie, Peate Wayne, Nash Virginia, Nied Ed, Gulotta John, Burgess Jefferey L
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Education and Research Center for Occupational Safety and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
University of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA.
J Safety Res. 2017 Feb;60:21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
Risk management, a proactive process to identify and mitigate potential injury risks and implement control strategies, was used to reduce the risk of occupational injury in a fire department. The objective of this research was to study the implementation of the risk management process for future replication. A second objective was to document changes in fire personnel's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the selected control strategies that were implemented as part of the risk management process.
A number of control strategies identified through the risk management process were implemented over a 2-year period beginning in January 2011. Approximately 450 fire personnel completed each of the three cross-sectional surveys that were administered throughout the implementation periods. Fire personnel were asked about their awareness, knowledge, and use of the control strategies.
Fire personnel were generally aware of the control strategies that were implemented. Visual reminders (e.g., signage) were noted as effective by fire personnel who noticed them. Barriers to use of specific control strategies such as new procedures on the fireground or new lifting equipment for patient transfer included lack of knowledge of the new protocols, lack of awareness/access to/availability of the new equipment, and limited training on its use. Implementation challenges were noted, which limited self-reported adherence to the control strategies.
Fire personnel generally recognized the potential for various control strategies to manage risk and improve their health and safety; however, implementation challenges limited the effectiveness of certain control strategies. The study findings support the importance of effective implementation to achieve the desired impacts of control strategies for improving health and safety.
Employees must be aware of, have knowledge about, and receive training in safety and health interventions in order to adopt desired behaviors.
风险管理是一个主动识别和减轻潜在伤害风险并实施控制策略的过程，被用于降低消防部门的职业伤害风险。本研究的目的是探讨风险管理流程的实施情况以便未来进行推广。另一个目的是记录消防人员在与作为风险管理流程一部分而实施的选定控制策略相关的知识、态度和行为方面的变化。
从2011年1月开始的两年时间里实施了通过风险管理流程确定的一些控制策略。在整个实施期间进行了三次横断面调查，每次约450名消防人员参与。调查询问消防人员对控制策略的认知、了解程度和使用情况。
消防人员普遍知晓所实施的控制策略。那些注意到视觉提示（如标识）的消防人员认为其很有效。使用特定控制策略存在障碍，比如火场新程序或用于患者转运的新起重设备，原因包括对新规程缺乏了解、对新设备缺乏认知/无法获取/设备不可用，以及对其使用的培训有限。注意到了实施方面的挑战，这限制了自我报告的对控制策略的遵守情况。
消防人员普遍认识到各种控制策略在管理风险以及改善他们的健康和安全方面的潜力；然而，实施方面的挑战限制了某些控制策略的有效性。研究结果支持有效实施对于实现控制策略改善健康和安全的预期影响的重要性。
员工必须了解、知晓安全与健康干预措施并接受相关培训，以便采取期望的行为。
