Nielsen Morten Birkeland, Birkeland Marianne Skogbrott, Hansen Marianne Bang, Knardahl Stein, Heir Trond
National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 8149 Dep, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017 Jul;90(5):411-421. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1204-4. Epub 2017 Feb 4.
This study examined relationships between victimization from bullying and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSS) after exposure to a terror attack at the workplace. It was hypothesized that (1) victims of bullying report higher and more stable levels of PTSS over time compared to their non-bullied colleagues and (2) that PTSS provides an increased risk of subsequent victimization from bullying.
The hypotheses were tested in a two-wave prospective sample comprising 2337 employees from Norwegian governmental ministries who were exposed to the 2011 Oslo terror attack. The two waves of data collection were conducted 10 and 22 months after the terror attack.
Hypothesis 1 was partially supported: victims of bullying reported significantly higher levels of PTSS than non-bullied employees at both measurement points, but bullying was not related to the stability in PTSS over time. In support of hypothesis 2, PTSS at 10 months was significantly associated with an increased risk of feeling victimized by bullying 1 year later.
The results indicate that victimization from bullying is associated with elevated levels of PTSS in the aftermath of a workplace terror attack, but that bullying does not have any impact on the long-term development of PTSS. PTSS may be a potential antecedent of bullying. These findings suggest that organizations must give high priority to the psychosocial work environment of traumatized employees to prevent further detrimental health consequences.
本研究调查了工作场所遭受恐怖袭击后，受欺凌受害情况与创伤后应激症状（PTSS）之间的关系。研究假设如下：（1）与未受欺凌的同事相比，受欺凌的受害者随时间推移报告的PTSS水平更高且更稳定；（2）PTSS会增加随后遭受欺凌受害的风险。
在一个两波前瞻性样本中对假设进行了检验，该样本包括2337名来自挪威政府部门且经历了2011年奥斯陆恐怖袭击的员工。在恐怖袭击发生后的10个月和22个月进行了两波数据收集。
假设1得到部分支持：在两个测量点上，受欺凌的受害者报告的PTSS水平均显著高于未受欺凌的员工，但欺凌与PTSS随时间的稳定性无关。为支持假设2，10个月时的PTSS与1年后感觉受欺凌受害风险增加显著相关。
结果表明，在工作场所恐怖袭击后，受欺凌受害情况与PTSS水平升高有关，但欺凌对PTSS的长期发展没有任何影响。PTSS可能是欺凌的一个潜在先兆。这些发现表明，组织必须高度重视受创伤员工的社会心理工作环境，以防止进一步的有害健康后果。
