Nielsen Morten Birkeland, Magerøy Nils, Gjerstad Johannes, Einarsen Ståle
Statens arbeidsmiljøinstitutt og Institutt for samfunnspsykologi Universitetet i Bergen.
Yrkesmedisinsk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2014 Jul 1;134(12-13):1233-8. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0880.
Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that exposure to bullying in the workplace is positively correlated with self-reported health problems. However, these studies do not provide a basis to draw conclusions on the extent to which bullying leads to increased health problems or whether health problems increase the risk of being bullied. To provide better indications of a causal relationship, knowledge from prospective studies on the association between bullying in the workplace and health outcomes is therefore summarised.
We conducted a systematic literature review of original articles from central literature databases on longitudinal associations between bullying in the workplace and health. Average associations between bullying and health outcomes are calculated using meta-analysis.
A consistent finding across the studies is that exposure to bullying is significantly positively related to mental health problems (OR =1.68; 95% KI 1.35-2.09) and somatic symptoms (OR = 1.77; 95% KI 1.41-2.22) over time. Mental health problems are also associated with subsequent exposure to bullying (OR = 1.74; 95% KI 1.44-2.12).
Bullying is positively related to mental health problems and somatic symptoms. The association between mental health problems and subsequent bullying indicates a self-reinforcing process between mental health and bullying. The methodological quality of the studies that were conducted is relatively sound. However, based on the existing knowledge base there are no grounds for conclusions regarding an unambiguous causal relationship between bullying and health.
横断面研究表明，工作场所遭受欺凌与自我报告的健康问题呈正相关。然而，这些研究并未提供依据来得出欺凌在多大程度上导致健康问题增加，或者健康问题是否会增加被欺凌风险的结论。因此，为了更好地表明因果关系，本文总结了关于工作场所欺凌与健康结果之间关联的前瞻性研究知识。
我们对来自核心文献数据库的关于工作场所欺凌与健康纵向关联的原始文章进行了系统的文献综述。使用荟萃分析计算欺凌与健康结果之间的平均关联。
各项研究的一致发现是，随着时间推移，遭受欺凌与心理健康问题（比值比=1.68；95%可信区间1.35 - 2.09）和躯体症状（比值比=1.77；95%可信区间1.41 - 2.22）显著正相关。心理健康问题也与随后遭受欺凌有关（比值比=1.74；95%可信区间1.44 - 2.12）。
欺凌与心理健康问题和躯体症状呈正相关。心理健康问题与随后的欺凌之间的关联表明心理健康与欺凌之间存在自我强化过程。所开展研究的方法学质量相对可靠。然而，基于现有的知识库，尚无依据得出关于欺凌与健康之间明确因果关系的结论。
