在负重过程中，热暴露和脱水会加剧生理压力。
Heat Exposure and Hypohydration Exacerbate Physiological Strain During Load Carrying.
机构信息
Human Performance Laboratory, Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Mar;33(3):727-735. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001831.
Adams, EL, Casa, DJ, Huggins, RA, DeMartini-Nolan, JK, Stearns, RL, Kennedy, RM, Bosworth, MM, DiStefano, LJ, Armstrong, LE, and Maresh, CM. Heat exposure and hypohydration exacerbate physiological strain during load carrying. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 727-735, 2019-Heat exposure and hypohydration induce physiological and psychological strain during exercise; however, it is unknown if the separate effects of heat exposure and hypohydration are synergistic when co-occurring during loaded exercise. This study compared separate and combined effects of heat exposure and hypohydration on physiological strain, mood state, and visual vigilance during loaded exercise. Twelve men (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 2 years; body mass, 74.0 ± 8.2 kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 57.0 ± 6.0 ml·kg·min) completed 4 trials under the following conditions: euhydrated temperate (EUT), hypohydrated temperate (HYT), euhydrated hot (EUH), and hypohydrated hot (HYH). Exercise was 90 minutes of treadmill walking (∼50% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, 5% grade) while carrying a 45-lb rucksack. Profile of Mood States and the Scanning Visual Vigilance Test were completed before and after exercise. The separate effects of heat exposure (EUH) and hypohydration (HYT) on post-exercise rectal temperature (Tre) were similar (38.25 ± 0.63°C vs. 38.22 ± 0.29°C, respectively, p > 0.05), whereas in combination (HYH), post-exercise Tre was far greater (39.32 ± 0.43°C). Increase in Tre per 1% body mass loss (BML) for HYH (vs. EUH) was greater than HYT (vs. EUT) (0.32 vs. 0.04°C, respectively, p = 0.02); heart rate increase per 1% BML for HYH (vs. EUH) was 7 b·min compared with HYT (vs. EUT) at 3 b·min (p = 0.30). Hypohydrated hot induced greater mood disturbance (post-exercise - pre-exercise) (35 ± 21 units) compared with other conditions (EUT = 3 ± 9 units; HYT = 3 ± 16 units; EUH = 16 ± 26 units; p < 0.001). No differences occurred in visual vigilance (p > 0.05). Independently, heat exposure and hypohydration induced similar physiological strain during loaded exercise; when combined, heat exposure with hypohydration, synergistically exacerbated physiological strain and mood disturbance.
亚当斯，EL，卡萨，DJ，哈金斯，RA，德马蒂尼-诺兰，JK，斯特恩斯，RL，肯尼迪，RM，博斯沃思，MM，迪斯特法诺，LJ，阿姆斯特朗，LE，和马雷什，CM。热暴露和脱水会加重负重时的生理压力。J 力量与调节研究 33（3）：727-735，2019-热暴露和脱水会在运动中引起生理和心理压力；然而，目前尚不清楚热暴露和脱水在负重运动中同时发生时，它们各自的影响是否具有协同作用。本研究比较了热暴露和脱水对负重运动中生理压力、情绪状态和视觉警戒性的单独和联合影响。12 名男性（平均±SD；年龄，20±2 岁；体重，74.0±8.2kg；最大摄氧量，57.0±6.0ml·kg·min）在以下条件下完成了 4 项试验：温水（EUT）、温水（HYT）、温水（EUH）和温水（HYH）。运动是 90 分钟的跑步机步行（约 50%最大摄氧量，5%坡度），同时携带 45 磅背包。在运动前后完成了心境状态剖面图和扫描视觉警戒测试。热暴露（EUH）和脱水（HYT）对运动后直肠温度（Tre）的单独影响相似（分别为 38.25±0.63°C 和 38.22±0.29°C，p>0.05），而在组合（HYH）中，运动后 Tre 更高（39.32±0.43°C）。HYH 每损失 1%体重（BML）Tre 增加（与 EUH 相比）大于 HYT（与 EUT 相比）（分别为 0.32°C 和 0.04°C，p=0.02）；HYH 每损失 1%BML 心率增加（与 EUH 相比）比 HYT（与 EUT 相比）多 3 个（分别为 7 个和 3 个，p=0.30）。与其他条件相比（EUT=3±9 单位；HYT=3±16 单位；EUH=16±26 单位；p<0.001），脱水热诱导更大的情绪障碍（运动后-运动前）（35±21 单位）。在视觉警戒性方面没有差异（p>0.05）。独立地，热暴露和脱水在负重运动中引起相似的生理压力；当组合时，热暴露与脱水协同加重生理压力和情绪障碍。
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