Bonafini Sara, Fava Cristiano
University of Verona, Department of Medicine, General Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Italy.
University of Verona, Department of Medicine, General Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Italy.
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2017 Jan;128-129:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
Increasing interest is focused on omega-3 fatty acids (FA) because of their potential beneficial effects, particularly in cardiovascular disease prevention. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two major omega-3 FA, are mainly consumed through diet, particularly from fish and seafood intake, whereas alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in high amounts in leafy green vegetables, nuts and seeds. The hypothesis of a cardiovascular protective action of omega-3 FA derives mainly from observational studies, whereas the evidence from interventional studies is not always consistent. Nonetheless, clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate a positive action, at minimum on blood pressure (BP). Omega-3 FA may act through different biological pathways; however, in our review, we seek to revisit, most notably, the role of their metabolites via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in hemodynamic modulation. We emphasize that the effect of omega-3 FA may depend on their balance with other dietary compounds, particularly omega-6 FA, which compete for the same pathways, thus modulating the production of metabolites. Furthermore, the biological activity of omega-3 FA might be better explained by the complex balance and interactions between a variety of nutrients and polymorphisms of genes implicated in specific metabolic pathways.
由于ω-3脂肪酸（FA）具有潜在的有益作用，尤其是在预防心血管疾病方面，人们对其的关注度日益增加。二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是两种主要的ω-3脂肪酸，主要通过饮食摄入，特别是通过食用鱼类和海鲜，而α-亚麻酸（ALA）在绿叶蔬菜、坚果和种子中含量很高。ω-3脂肪酸具有心血管保护作用这一假说主要源于观察性研究，而干预性研究的证据并不总是一致的。尽管如此，临床试验和荟萃分析表明，至少在血压（BP）方面，ω-3脂肪酸具有积极作用。ω-3脂肪酸可能通过不同的生物学途径发挥作用；然而，在我们的综述中，我们试图重新审视，最值得注意的是，其代谢产物通过细胞色素P450（CYP450）在血流动力学调节中的作用。我们强调，ω-3脂肪酸的作用可能取决于它们与其他膳食化合物的平衡，特别是ω-6脂肪酸，它们竞争相同的途径，从而调节代谢产物的产生。此外，ω-3脂肪酸的生物活性可能更好地由多种营养素之间的复杂平衡和相互作用以及参与特定代谢途径的基因多态性来解释。
