Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017 Mar;18(3):187-201. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.162. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
The mitotic spindle has a crucial role in ensuring the accurate segregation of chromosomes into the two daughter cells during cell division, which is paramount for maintaining genome integrity. It is a self-organized and dynamic macromolecular structure that is constructed from microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins. Thirty years of research have led to the identification of centrosome-, chromatin- and microtubule-mediated microtubule nucleation pathways that each contribute to mitotic spindle assembly. Far from being redundant pathways, data are now emerging regarding how they function together to ensure the timely completion of mitosis. We are also beginning to comprehend the multiple mechanisms by which cells regulate spindle scaling. Together, this research has increased our understanding of how cells coordinate hundreds of proteins to assemble the dynamic, precise and robust structure that is the mitotic spindle.
有丝分裂纺锤体在确保细胞分裂过程中染色体准确分离到两个子细胞中起着至关重要的作用，这对于维持基因组完整性至关重要。它是一种自我组织的动态大分子结构，由微管、微管相关蛋白和马达蛋白构成。三十年来的研究已经确定了中心体、染色质和微管介导的微管成核途径，这些途径都有助于有丝分裂纺锤体的组装。现在有数据表明，这些途径并非是冗余的，它们共同作用以确保有丝分裂的及时完成。我们也开始理解细胞如何共同调节纺锤体缩放的多种机制。总之，这项研究增加了我们对细胞如何协调数百种蛋白质组装动态、精确和稳健的有丝分裂纺锤体结构的理解。
