University of Pittsburgh, Drug Discovery Institute Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Baltimore, PA, USA.
Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 8;7:42296. doi: 10.1038/srep42296.
Organ interactions resulting from drug, metabolite or xenobiotic transport between organs are key components of human metabolism that impact therapeutic action and toxic side effects. Preclinical animal testing often fails to predict adverse outcomes arising from sequential, multi-organ metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Human microphysiological systems (MPS) can model these interactions and are predicted to dramatically improve the efficiency of the drug development process. In this study, five human MPS models were evaluated for functional coupling, defined as the determination of organ interactions via an in vivo-like sequential, organ-to-organ transfer of media. MPS models representing the major absorption, metabolism and clearance organs (the jejunum, liver and kidney) were evaluated, along with skeletal muscle and neurovascular models. Three compounds were evaluated for organ-specific processing: terfenadine for pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity; trimethylamine (TMA) as a potentially toxic microbiome metabolite; and vitamin D3. We show that the organ-specific processing of these compounds was consistent with clinical data, and discovered that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) crosses the blood-brain barrier. These studies demonstrate the potential of human MPS for multi-organ toxicity and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), provide guidance for physically coupling MPS, and offer an approach to coupling MPS with distinct media and perfusion requirements.
器官间的药物、代谢物或外源性物质转运导致的相互作用是人体代谢的关键组成部分,影响治疗效果和毒副作用。临床前动物试验常常无法预测药物和外源性物质在多器官连续代谢过程中产生的不良后果。人类微生理系统(MPS)可以模拟这些相互作用,预计将极大地提高药物开发过程的效率。在这项研究中,评估了五种人类 MPS 模型的功能耦合性,即通过类似于体内的顺序、器官间的介质传递来确定器官间的相互作用。评估了代表主要吸收、代谢和清除器官(空肠、肝脏和肾脏)的 MPS 模型,以及骨骼肌和神经血管模型。评估了三种化合物的器官特异性处理:特非那定用于药代动力学(PK)和毒性;三甲胺(TMA)作为潜在的有毒微生物群代谢物;以及维生素 D3。我们表明,这些化合物的器官特异性处理与临床数据一致,并发现三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)穿过血脑屏障。这些研究表明,人类 MPS 具有用于多器官毒性和吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)的潜力,为物理耦合 MPS 提供了指导,并提供了一种将 MPS 与不同的介质和灌注要求耦合的方法。