Jiang Shiyao, Tsikolia Maia, Bernier Ulrich R, Bloomquist Jeffrey R
Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Feb 6;14(2):154. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14020154.
Mosquitoes, such as and , are important vectors of human diseases. Fluralaner, a recently introduced parasiticide, was evaluated as a mosquitocide in this study. On and fourth-instar larvae, fluralaner had 24-h LC (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) values of 1.8 ppb and 0.4 ppb, respectively. Following topical application to adult , fluralaner toxicity reached a plateau in about 3 days, with 1- and 3-day LD (lethal dose for 50% mortality) values of 1.3 ng/mg and 0.26 ng/mg, suggesting a slowly developing toxicity. Fipronil outperformed fluralaner by up to 100-fold in adult topical, glass contact, and feeding assays on . These data show that fluralaner does not have exceptional toxicity to mosquitoes in typical exposure paradigms. In electrophysiological recordings on larval central nervous system, the effectiveness of fluralaner for restoring nerve firing after gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment, a measure of GABA antagonism, was similar in susceptible Oregon-R and cyclodiene-resistant -1675 strains, with EC (half maximal effective concentration) values of 0.34 µM and 0.29 µM. Although this finding suggests low cross resistance in the presence of , the moderate potency, low contact activity, and slow action of fluralaner argue against its use as an adult mosquitocide for vector control.
诸如[具体种类1]和[具体种类2]等蚊子是人类疾病的重要传播媒介。氟虫腈是一种最近引入的杀寄生虫剂，在本研究中被评估用作杀蚊剂。对于[具体种类3]和[具体种类4]的四龄幼虫，氟虫腈的24小时半数致死浓度（LC）值分别为1.8 ppb和0.4 ppb。对[具体种类5]成虫进行局部施药后，氟虫腈的毒性在约3天内达到稳定状态，1天和3天的半数致死剂量（LD）值分别为1.3 ng/mg和0.26 ng/mg，表明其毒性发展缓慢。在对[具体种类6]成虫的局部施药、玻璃接触和喂食试验中，氟虫腈的表现比氟虫腈高出多达100倍。这些数据表明，在典型的暴露模式下，氟虫腈对蚊子没有特别的毒性。在[具体种类7]幼虫中枢神经系统的电生理记录中，氟虫腈在γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）处理后恢复神经放电的有效性（一种衡量GABA拮抗作用的指标）在敏感的俄勒冈-R品系和环二烯抗性的[具体种类8]-1675品系中相似，半数最大有效浓度（EC）值分别为0.34 µM和0.29 µM。尽管这一发现表明在[具体种类9]存在的情况下交叉抗性较低，但氟虫腈的效力中等、接触活性低且作用缓慢，因此不适合用作控制病媒的成虫杀蚊剂。
