Guiot J, Henket M, Corhay J L, Moermans C, Louis R
Pneumology Department, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium, CHU Liège, Pneumology Department, Domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 8;12(2):e0171344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171344. eCollection 2017.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease of unknown origin leading rapidly to death. This paper addresses the issue of whether sputum induction is a suitable tool to study respiratory tract inflammation and potential biomarkers in IPF compared to COPD, a fibrosing airway wall disease.
In a cross-sectional analysis, 15 IPF patients, 32 COPD and 30 healthy subjects underwent sputum induction. Total sputum cell counts and the amount of TGF- β, IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IL-8, IL-13, MMP-7, MMP-9, YKL-40, TNF-α and KL-6 in sputum supernatant were analysed. We also profiled gene expression of cells in the induced sputum for TGF-β, MMP-7, YKL-40, IGFBP-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α.
IPF patients, like COPD, had increased sputum absolute number of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and epithelial cells compared to HS. IPF sputum supernatants had increased concentrations of IGFBP-2, IL-8, TGF-β, MMP-7, MMP-9 and KL-6 (p<0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.05 respectively) when compared to healthy subjects where COPD had higher IL-6 and TNF-α levels than IPF (p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively) and HS (p<0.0001 and p<0.001 respectively) and higher IL-8 and MMP-9 than HS (p<0.0001 and p<0.001 respectively). Conversely to IL-6 and TNF-α, MMP-7 was increased in IPF compared to COPD (p<0.05). The KL-6 and MMP-7 protein levels in sputum were inversely correlated with total lung capacity (TLC, % of predicted) in IPF patients (r = -0.73 and r = -0.53 respectively). Sputum gene expression analysis identified a significant increase for IGFBP-2, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 in IPF compared to HS (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.0001 respectively) and for IGFBP-2, YKL-40, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 compared to COPD (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.0001 respectively). Furthermore, gene expression of TGF-β was increased in IPF compared to COPD (p<0.001) but not to HS.
Our data show clear increase in expression and production of IGFBP-2, IL-8 and MMP-7 in sputum from patients with IPF that may contribute to the disease.
特发性肺纤维化(IPF)是一种病因不明的罕见肺部疾病,可迅速导致死亡。本文探讨与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD,一种纤维化气道壁疾病)相比,痰液诱导是否是研究IPF呼吸道炎症和潜在生物标志物的合适工具。
在一项横断面分析中,15例IPF患者、32例COPD患者和30名健康受试者接受了痰液诱导。分析了痰液总细胞计数以及痰液上清液中转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子-2(IGF-2)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2(IGFBP-2)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)、基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、YKL-40、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和KL-6的含量。我们还分析了诱导痰液中细胞的TGF-β、MMP-7、YKL-40、IGFBP-2、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8和TNF-α的基因表达。
与健康受试者相比,IPF患者和COPD患者痰液中的中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和上皮细胞的绝对数量均增加。与健康受试者相比,IPF痰液上清液中IGFBP-2、IL-8、TGF-β、MMP-7、MMP-9和KL-6的浓度升高(分别为p<0.05、p<0.0001、p<0.05、p<0.05、p<0.0001、p<0.05),而COPD患者的IL-6和TNF-α水平高于IPF患者(分别为p<0.05和p<0.05)和健康受试者(分别为p<0.0001和p<0.001),且IL-8和MMP-9高于健康受试者(分别为p<0.0001和p<0.001)。与IL-6和TNF-α相反,IPF患者的MMP-7高于COPD患者(p<0.05)。IPF患者痰液中的KL-6和MMP-7蛋白水平与总肺容量(TLC,预测值的百分比)呈负相关(分别为r = -0.73和r = -0.53)。痰液基因表达分析显示,与健康受试者相比,IPF患者的IGFBP-2、IL-6、IL-8和MMP-7显著增加(分别为p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.05和p<0.0001),与COPD患者相比,IGFBP-2、YKL-40、IL-6、IL-8和MMP-7也显著增加(分别为p<0.01、p<0.01、p<0.05、p<0.01和p<0.0001)。此外,与COPD患者相比,IPF患者的TGF-β基因表达增加(p<0.001),但与健康受试者相比无差异。
我们的数据表明,IPF患者痰液中IGFBP-2、IL-8和MMP-7的表达和产生明显增加,这可能与该疾病有关。