Abramowicz Marek A, Fragile P Chris
Physics Department, Göteborg University, SE-412-96 Göteborg, Sweden ; N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa, Poland.
Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
Living Rev Relativ. 2013;16(1):1. doi: 10.12942/lrr-2013-1. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
This review covers the main aspects of black hole accretion disk theory. We begin with the view that one of the main goals of the theory is to better understand the nature of black holes themselves. In this light we discuss how accretion disks might reveal some of the unique signatures of strong gravity: the event horizon, the innermost stable circular orbit, and the ergosphere. We then review, from a first-principles perspective, the physical processes at play in accretion disks. This leads us to the four primary accretion disk models that we review: Polish doughnuts (thick disks), Shakura-Sunyaev (thin) disks, slim disks, and advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). After presenting the models we discuss issues of stability, oscillations, and jets. Following our review of the analytic work, we take a parallel approach in reviewing numerical studies of black hole accretion disks. We finish with a few select applications that highlight particular astrophysical applications: measurements of black hole mass and spin, black hole vs. neutron star accretion disks, black hole accretion disk spectral states, and quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs).
本综述涵盖了黑洞吸积盘理论的主要方面。我们首先认为，该理论的主要目标之一是更好地理解黑洞本身的性质。鉴于此，我们讨论吸积盘如何揭示强引力的一些独特特征：事件视界、最内稳定圆轨道和能层。然后，我们从第一性原理的角度回顾吸积盘中起作用的物理过程。这使我们回顾了四种主要的吸积盘模型：波兰甜甜圈（厚盘）、沙库拉-苏尼亚耶夫（薄）盘、细盘和平流主导吸积流（ADAFs）。在介绍这些模型之后，我们讨论稳定性、振荡和喷流等问题。在回顾了分析工作之后，我们采用平行的方法来回顾黑洞吸积盘的数值研究。我们最后介绍一些精选的应用，突出特定的天体物理应用：黑洞质量和自旋的测量、黑洞与中子星吸积盘、黑洞吸积盘光谱状态以及准周期振荡（QPOs）。
