Vallée-Tourangeau Frédéric, Sirota Miroslav, Vallée-Tourangeau Gaëlle
Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ UK.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2016;1(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s41235-016-0027-2. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
Doing long sums in the absence of complementary actions or artefacts is a multistep procedure that quickly taxes working memory; congesting the phonological loop further handicaps performance. In the experiment reported here, participants completed long sums either with hands down - the low interactivity condition - or by moving numbered tokens - the high interactivity condition - while they repeated "the" continuously, loading the phonological loop, or not. As expected, interactivity and articulatory suppression substantially affected performance; critically, the effect of articulatory suppression was stronger in the low than in the high interactivity condition. In addition, an independent measure of mathematics anxiety predicted the impact of articulatory suppression on performance only in the low (not high) interactivity condition. These findings suggest that interactivity augmented overall or systemic working memory resources and diminished the effect of mathematics anxiety, underscoring the importance of characterizing the properties of the system as it is configured by the dynamic agent-environment coupling.
在没有辅助动作或人工制品的情况下进行冗长的算术运算是一个多步骤过程，会迅速消耗工作记忆；让语音回路变得拥挤会进一步妨碍表现。在本文所报告的实验中，参与者在双手下垂（低交互性条件）或移动数字代币（高交互性条件）的同时完成冗长的算术运算，期间他们持续重复“the”以加载语音回路，或者不这样做。正如预期的那样，交互性和发音抑制显著影响了表现；关键的是，发音抑制在低交互性条件下的影响比在高交互性条件下更强。此外，一项独立的数学焦虑测量指标仅在低（而非高）交互性条件下预测了发音抑制对表现的影响。这些发现表明，交互性增加了整体或系统性的工作记忆资源，并减弱了数学焦虑的影响，凸显了在动态的主体 - 环境耦合所构成的系统中描述其属性的重要性。
