Lin I-Fen, Brown Susan L, Hammersmith Anna M
1 Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
Res Aging. 2017 Jan;39(1):86-110. doi: 10.1177/0164027516656139.
Increasingly, older adults are unmarried, which could mean a larger share is at risk of economic disadvantage. Using data from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study, we chart the diverse range of marital biographies, capturing marital sequences and timing, of adults who are age eligible for Social Security and examine three indicators of economic well-being: Social Security receipt, Social Security benefit levels, and poverty status. Partnereds are disproportionately likely to receive Social Security and they enjoy relatively high Social Security benefits and very low poverty levels. Among singles, economic well-being varies by marital biography and gender. Gray divorced and never-married women face considerable economic insecurity. Their Social Security benefits are relatively low, and their poverty rates are quite high (over 25%), indicating Social Security alone is not sufficient to prevent these women from falling into poverty. By comparison, gray widoweds are the most advantaged singles.
越来越多的老年人未婚，这可能意味着更大比例的人面临经济劣势风险。利用2010年健康与退休研究的数据，我们绘制了符合领取社会保障年龄的成年人多样的婚姻经历，包括婚姻序列和时间安排，并考察了经济福祉的三个指标：领取社会保障金情况、社会保障福利水平和贫困状况。有伴侣的人领取社会保障金的可能性不成比例地高，他们享受相对较高的社会保障福利，贫困水平也很低。在单身人士中，经济福祉因婚姻经历和性别而异。老年离婚女性和从未结婚的女性面临相当大的经济不安全。她们的社会保障福利相对较低，贫困率相当高（超过25%），这表明仅靠社会保障不足以防止这些女性陷入贫困。相比之下，老年丧偶女性是最具优势的单身群体。
