Iams Howard M, Tamborini Christopher R
Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Office of Retirement and Disability Policy (ORDP), Social Security Administration (SSA), USA.
Soc Secur Bull. 2012;72(2):23-38.
Social Security retirement benefits in the United States (US) reflect marital histories and lifetime earnings of current and former married couples. Focusing on the link between marital history and benefit eligibility, this article examines women's marital patterns over the past two decades. Using the 1990 and 2009 Marital History Modules to the Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation, descriptive/regression analysis reveals substantial changes in women's marital patterns among baby boomers and generation Xers. Those changes have prompted a decline in qualifying marital histories for Social Security spouse and widow benefits. The findings also reveal substantial variation by race/ethnicity. Black women are significantly more likely to be potentially ineligible for a marriage-based benefit than white women, particularly in more recent cohorts. Hispanic women's marriage-based eligibility is between that of black and white women. US-born Hispanic women had higher shares without a qualifying marital history compared with the foreign born.
美国的社会保障退休福利反映了当前及以前已婚夫妇的婚姻历史和终身收入。本文聚焦于婚姻历史与福利资格之间的联系，审视了过去二十年中女性的婚姻模式。利用人口普查局收入与项目参与调查中的1990年和2009年婚姻历史模块，描述性/回归分析揭示了婴儿潮一代和X一代女性婚姻模式的重大变化。这些变化导致符合社会保障配偶及遗孀福利资格的婚姻历史减少。研究结果还显示了种族/族裔方面的显著差异。黑人女性比白人女性更有可能在基于婚姻的福利方面没有资格，尤其是在最近几代人中。西班牙裔女性基于婚姻的资格介于黑人和白人女性之间。与外国出生的西班牙裔女性相比，美国出生的西班牙裔女性没有合格婚姻历史的比例更高。
