Comparison of the macintosh and airtraq laryngoscopes in morbidly obese patients: a randomized and prospective study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

Morbid obesity is associated with a difficult management of the airway. There is no agreement on these patients being difficult to intubate, but if they are difficult to ventilate with facial mask, then the fast control of their airway becomes a priority. This study compares the quickness and success in tracheal intubation, glottic view, hemodynamic response, and complications from the use of the Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes in morbidly obese patients for scheduled surgery.

DESIGN

Prospective, observational, and randomized study.

SETTING

Operating room.

PATIENTS

Forty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists III patients.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients were randomly assigned to undergo tracheal intubation using a Macintosh (n=23) or an Airtraq laryngoscope (n=23).

MEASUREMENTS

The following were compared: intubation time, laryngeal vision, the necessity of additional maneuvers to carry out the tracheal intubation, the success of the maneuvers, complications, and hemodynamic response.

MAIN RESULTS

The preoperative conditions of the studied patients were similar in both groups. The average time of the intubation was 17.27±16.1 seconds and 22.11±13.62 seconds in the Airtraq and Macintosh groups, respectively (P=.279). With the Airtraq device, 95.65% of patients presented a glottic view 1 and 2a (P=.006) and less optimizing maneuvers were needed to perform the tracheal intubation (P=.001). There were no cases of difficult intubation, failed intubation, or difficult ventilation. A statistically significant increase in the heart rate was detected with the use of the Macintosh laryngoscope. A patient with redundant epiglottis could not be intubated with the Airtraq laryngoscope.

CONCLUSION

Both devices allow quick and safe management of the airway. The Airtraq laryngoscope improved the glottic view by the modified Cormack-Lehane classification, reduced the need for additional maneuvers for tracheal intubation, and also reduced the degree of sympathetic stimulus detected by a minor increase in heart rate after tracheal intubation.