Tolliver G A, Samson H H
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Alcohol. 1989 Sep-Oct;6(5):381-7. doi: 10.1016/0741-8329(89)90008-6.
Rats (N = 8) were housed (23 hr/day) in a test chamber in which the presentation of food pellets and 10% ethanol were a function of a concurrent fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Water was available from a drinking tube. Following a 90-day period with food pellets presented on a fixed-ratio one schedule (FR 1) and ethanol on a FR 4, the FR schedule for food presentation was systematically increased. Daily food intake declined as the FR increased up to FR 64. Decreases in food were accompanied by reduced water consumption and a three-fold increase in ethanol intake. The major increase in ethanol intake was accounted for by an increase in the number of ethanol bouts/day rather than an increase in bout size. The 24-hr cyclic pattern of food, water and ethanol ingestive behaviors found in the 90-day FR 1 period was maintained as the food presentation schedule increased. Food, ethanol, and water intake returned to the pre-FR-manipulation levels with the introduction of the food FR 1 condition. The results were discussed in terms of caloric, fluid, and activity changes resultant from the effects of the FR manipulation. No single factor could account for the increased ethanol consumption. These effects were related to previous work which demonstrates increased ethanol intake when response parameters of concurrent reinforcements are changed.
将8只大鼠饲养在测试箱中（每天23小时），在该测试箱中，食物颗粒和10%乙醇的呈现取决于并发的固定比率强化程序。通过饮水管可获取水。在按照固定比率1程序（FR 1）呈现食物颗粒且按照FR 4程序呈现乙醇的90天期间后，食物呈现的FR程序被系统地增加。随着FR增加至FR 64，每日食物摄入量下降。食物摄入量的减少伴随着水消耗量的降低以及乙醇摄入量增加了三倍。乙醇摄入量的主要增加是由于每天乙醇发作次数的增加，而非每次发作量的增加。随着食物呈现程序的增加，在90天的FR 1期间所发现的食物、水和乙醇摄取行为的24小时循环模式得以维持。随着食物FR 1条件的引入，食物、乙醇和水的摄入量恢复到FR操作前的水平。从FR操作的影响所导致的热量、液体和活动变化方面对结果进行了讨论。没有单一因素能够解释乙醇消耗量的增加。这些影响与先前的研究相关，先前的研究表明，当并发强化的反应参数改变时，乙醇摄入量会增加。
