Montreal University Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 850, rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101, rue du Parc, Montréal, Québec,, H3N 1X9, Canada.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017 Mar;4(1):51-60. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0121-8.
The aim of this paper is to review the recent advances in health and place research and discuss concepts useful to explore how context affects health. More specifically, it reviews measures and tools used to account for place; concepts relating to daily mobility and multiple exposure to places, and further points to the intertwining between social and spatial networks to help further our understanding of how context translates into health profiles.
Significant advances in environmental or neighborhood effects have been made in the last decades. Specifically, conceptual and methodological developments have improved our consideration of spatial processes, shifting from a residential-based view of context to a more dynamic activity space and daily mobility paradigm. Yet, such advances have led to overlooking other potentially important aspects related to social networks and decision-making processes. With an increasing capacity to collect high-precision data on daily mobility and behavior, new possibilities in understanding how environments relate to behavior and health inequalities arise. Two overlooked aspects need to be addressed: the questions of "with or for whom", and "why". While the former calls for a better consideration of social networks and social interactions, the latter calls for refining our understanding of place preference and decision-making leading to daily mobility and multiple exposures.
综述目的：本文旨在综述健康与地点研究的最新进展，并讨论有助于探索环境如何影响健康的概念。更具体地说，本文回顾了用于解释地点的度量和工具；与日常活动空间和多场所暴露相关的概念，并进一步指出社会和空间网络的交织，以帮助我们进一步理解环境如何转化为健康状况。
最新发现：在过去几十年中，环境或邻里效应的研究取得了显著进展。具体而言，概念和方法的发展改进了我们对空间过程的考虑，从基于居住的环境观转变为更具动态性的活动空间和日常活动模式。然而，这些进展导致了对与社会网络和决策过程相关的其他潜在重要方面的忽视。随着收集关于日常活动和行为的高精度数据的能力的提高，出现了新的可能性，可以理解环境与行为和健康不平等之间的关系。有两个被忽视的方面需要解决：“为谁”和“为什么”的问题。前者需要更好地考虑社会网络和社会互动，后者需要深化我们对日常活动和多场所暴露导致的场所偏好和决策的理解。
