Egger Garry
AM, MPH, PhD, Adjunct Professor of Health and Applied Sciences, Southern Cross University, and Centre for Health Promotion and Research, New South Wales.
Aust Fam Physician. 2017 Jan/Feb;46(1):10-13.
The nature of disease changes with the nature of societies. Modern chronic diseases that have superseded infections in the Anthropocene era, for example, have come largely from modern environments and lifestyles emanating from this. The concept of healthy living has subsequently changed accordingly.
The objective of this article is to examine the determinants of modern chronic disease and the changes that can be made at the individual level to reduce the impact of these.
There is a hierarchy of determinants (sometimes incorrectly called 'causes') of the major modern chronic dieases. These are summarised under the acronym NASTIE MAL ODOURS and collectively under the term 'anthropogens', which are '… man-made environments and the lifestyles associated with these, many of which may lead to disease'. Attention to anthropogens in a systems fashion suggest guidelines for modern healthy living.
疾病的性质随社会性质而变化。例如，在人类世时代取代感染的现代慢性病，很大程度上源于现代环境和由此产生的生活方式。健康生活的概念也随之发生了相应变化。
本文的目的是研究现代慢性病的决定因素以及在个体层面可以做出的改变，以减少这些疾病的影响。
主要现代慢性病的决定因素（有时被错误地称为“病因”）存在一个层次结构。这些因素用首字母缩写词“NASTIE MAL ODOURS”概括，并统称为“人类源”，即“……人为环境以及与之相关的生活方式，其中许多可能导致疾病”。以系统的方式关注人类源为现代健康生活提供了指导方针。
