Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Apr 15;584-585:1162-1174. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.179. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
A campaign was carried out to measure the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different areas of a petroleum refinery in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China. In the refining area, 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, methylcyclopentane, 3-methylhexane, and butane accounted for >50% of the total VOCs; in the chemical industry area, 2-methylpentane, p-diethylbenzene, 2,3-dimethylbutane, m-diethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were the top five VOCs detected; and in the wastewater treatment area, the five most abundant species were 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, methylcyclopentane, 3-methylpentane and p-diethylbenzene. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential was estimated using the fractional aerosol coefficients (FAC), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and SOA yield methods. The FAC method suggests that toluene, p-diethylbenzene, and p-diethylbenzene are the largest contributors to the SOA formation in the refining, chemical industry, and wastewater treatment areas, respectively. With the SOAP method, it is estimated that toluene is the largest contributor to the SOA formation in the refining area, but o-ethyltoluene contributes the most both in the chemical industry and wastewater treatment areas. For the SOA yield method, aromatics dominate the yields and account for nearly 100% of the total in the three areas. The SOA concentrations estimated of the refining, chemical industry and wastewater treatment areas are 30, 3835 and 137μgm, respectively. Despite the uncertainties and limitations associated with the three methods, the SOA yield method is suggested to be used for the estimation of SOA formation from the petroleum refinery. The results of this study have demonstrated that the control of VOCs, especially aromatics such as toluene, ethyltoluene, benzene and diethylbenzene, should be a focus of future regulatory measures in order to reduce PM pollution in the PRD region.
在中国珠江三角洲（PRD）地区的一家炼油厂的不同区域进行了挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）排放特征的测量活动。在炼油区，2-甲基戊烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷、甲基环戊烷、3-甲基己烷和丁烷占总 VOCs 的>50%；在化工区，2-甲基戊烷、对二乙苯、2,3-二甲基丁烷、间二乙苯和 1,2,4-三甲苯是检测到的前 5 种 VOCs；在污水处理区，最丰富的 5 种物质是 2-甲基戊烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷、甲基环戊烷、3-甲基戊烷和对二乙苯。采用气溶胶分数系数（FAC）、二次有机气溶胶潜在（SOAP）和 SOA 产率方法估算二次有机气溶胶（SOA）形成潜力。FAC 方法表明，甲苯、对二乙苯和对二乙苯分别是炼油、化工和污水处理区 SOA 形成的最大贡献者。采用 SOAP 方法估算，甲苯是炼油区 SOA 形成的最大贡献者，但在化工区和污水处理区，乙苯的贡献最大。对于 SOA 产率方法，芳香烃占主导地位，占三个区域总产率的近 100%。炼油、化工和污水处理区估算的 SOA 浓度分别为 30、3835 和 137μg/m3。尽管三种方法都存在不确定性和局限性，但建议采用 SOA 产率方法来估算炼油厂的 SOA 形成。本研究结果表明，控制 VOCs，特别是甲苯、乙苯、苯和二乙苯等芳烃，应成为未来该地区 PM 污染控制措施的重点。
