Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, NSERC-Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Environment, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
Water Res. 2017 Apr 15;113:50-61. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.053. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Newly developed ceramic membrane technologies offer numerous advantages over the conventional polymeric membranes. This work proposes a new configuration, an integrated pyrolucite fluidized bed (PFB)-ceramic MF/UF hybrid process, for improved iron and manganese control in drinking water. A pilot-scale study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of this process with respect to iron and manganese control as well as membrane fouling. In addition, the fouling of commercially available ceramic membranes in conventional preoxidation-MF/UF process was compared with the hybrid process configuration. In this regard, a series of experiments were conducted under different influent water quality and operating conditions. Fouling mechanisms and reversibility were analyzed using blocking law and resistance-in-series models. The results evidenced that the flux rate and the concentration of calcium and humic acids in the feed water have a substantial impact on the filtration behavior of both membranes. The model for constant flux compressible cake formation well described the rise in transmembrane pressure. The compressibility of the filter cake substantially increased in the presence of 2 mg/L humic acids. The presence of calcium ions caused significant aggregation of manganese dioxide and humic acid which severely impacted the extent of membrane fouling. The PFB pretreatment properly alleviated membrane fouling by removing more than 75% and 95% of iron and manganese, respectively.
新开发的陶瓷膜技术相对于传统的聚合物膜具有许多优势。本工作提出了一种新的配置，即集成菱铁矿流化床（PFB）-陶瓷 MF/UF 混合工艺，用于改善饮用水中铁和锰的控制。进行了中试研究，以评估该工艺在铁和锰控制以及膜污染方面的性能。此外，还比较了商业上可用的陶瓷膜在常规预氧化-MF/UF 工艺中的污染与混合工艺配置的污染。在这方面，在不同的进水水质和操作条件下进行了一系列实验。使用堵塞定律和串联阻力模型分析了污染机制和可恢复性。结果表明，通量率和进料水中的钙和腐殖酸浓度对两种膜的过滤行为都有很大的影响。恒通量可压缩滤饼形成模型很好地描述了跨膜压力的上升。在存在 2mg/L 腐殖酸的情况下，滤饼的可压缩性大大增加。钙离子的存在导致二氧化锰和腐殖酸的显著聚集，这严重影响了膜污染的程度。PFB 预处理通过分别去除超过 75%和 95%的铁和锰，适当缓解了膜污染。
