Powell Daniel J H, McMinn David, Allan Julia L
Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health.
Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences.
Health Psychol. 2017 Apr;36(4):356-364. doi: 10.1037/hea0000471. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
Laboratory eating studies and cross-sectional surveys indicate individuals with inefficient executive function (EF) consume more unhealthy snacks than others. However, the importance of EF in determining snacking behavior in the "real world" has not been established. Contemporary behavioral and self-control theories posit EF as a dynamic resource fluctuating over time. Consequently, a test of the relevance of EF to behavior within individuals is required. This study tested within- and between-person effects of real-time variability in objectively measured inhibitory control (a core facet of EF) on subsequent snacking behavior in daily life.
A community sample of 64 adults recorded snacking behavior and completed a short Go/No-Go test (assessing inhibitory control) hourly over 7 consecutive days, yielding a total well-powered sample of 6,284 data-points. Generalized linear mixed models using lagged effects examined within-person and between-person effects of inhibitory control efficiency on snacking behavior.
When Go/No-Go test responses were 100 ms slower than the person-mean (indicating periods of poorer inhibitory control), snack consumption in the following hour was 25.67% higher, Exp (γ) = 1.26, p = .002, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06, 1.49]. Between-individuals, person-mean reaction time (RT) did not predict snack consumption, Exp (γ) = 1.02, p = .965, 95% CI [0.71, 1.46].
RT variability in inhibitory control efficiency is highly relevant to snacking behavior within individuals. Inhibitory control is an important driver of snacking in everyday life and an important target for interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
实验室饮食研究和横断面调查表明，执行功能（EF）低效的个体比其他人摄入更多不健康零食。然而，EF在“现实世界”中决定零食行为的重要性尚未确立。当代行为和自我控制理论认为EF是一种随时间波动的动态资源。因此，需要测试EF与个体内行为的相关性。本研究测试了客观测量的抑制控制（EF的一个核心方面）的实时变异性对个体随后日常生活中零食行为的个体内和个体间效应。
64名成年人的社区样本记录了零食行为，并在连续7天内每小时完成一次简短的Go/No-Go测试（评估抑制控制），从而获得了一个总样本量充足的6284个数据点。使用滞后效应的广义线性混合模型检验了抑制控制效率对零食行为的个体内和个体间效应。
当Go/No-Go测试反应比个体均值慢100毫秒时（表明抑制控制较差的时期），接下来一小时内的零食摄入量高出25.67%，Exp(γ)=1.26，p=.002，95%置信区间（CI）[1.06，1.49]。在个体之间，个体平均反应时间（RT）不能预测零食摄入量，Exp(γ)=1.02，p=.965，95%CI[0.71，1.46]。
抑制控制效率的RT变异性与个体内的零食行为高度相关。抑制控制是日常生活中零食摄入的重要驱动因素，也是干预的重要目标。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
