Ji Yujiao, Kong Xiangfeng, Li Huawei, Zhu Qian, Guo Qiuping, Yin Yulong
Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterms, Huanjiang, Guangxi, China.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 14;12(2):e0172086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172086. eCollection 2017.
The mammalian gut microbiota influences various metabolic and physiological processes. Substantial metabolic changes occur during a healthy pregnancy that may be related to microbiota composition dynamics. However, the effect of diet on intestinal microbiota composition and diversity during pregnancy remains unclear. We examined the ileal contents of Huanjiang mini-pigs at two pregnancy stages to determine the effects of dietary nutrient levels on such microbial communities. Animals received either a higher-nutrient (HN) diet formulated to meet US National Research Council requirements or a lower-nutrient (LN) diet that met the Chinese National Feeding Standard recommendations. On day 45 or 75 of pregnancy, sows were euthanized and their ileal contents sampled. Experimental diet and pregnancy stage did not affect ileal bacterial richness or diversity, as determined by Chao1 and ACE species richness measures and Shannon and Simpson indices, respectively. The phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, accounting for 69.99-85.44% and 5.82-15.17% of the total reads, respectively, predominated regardless of diet. At the genus level, diet significantly affected the abundance of Lactobacillus species, which was greater in pigs given HN feed (P < 0.05), but had little impact on that of Megasphaera species (P = 0.096). Pregnancy stage had a minimal effect on Proteobacteria numbers (P = 0.053). The number of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus decreased, while that of the phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, and genus Bacteroides increased between days 45 and 75 of pregnancy. Of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) measured, only propionate levels changed significantly, with higher concentrations observed on day 45 than on day 75. Our findings indicate that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominate pregnant sow ileal bacterial profiles. Excepting a tendency for the number of Proteobacteria to increase as pregnancy progressed, pregnancy stage and diet had little effect on ileal microbiotic composition and diversity and luminal SCFA concentrations.
哺乳动物的肠道微生物群会影响各种代谢和生理过程。健康孕期会发生大量代谢变化，这可能与微生物群组成动态变化有关。然而，孕期饮食对肠道微生物群组成和多样性的影响仍不明确。我们检测了环江小型猪在两个孕期阶段的回肠内容物，以确定饮食营养水平对这类微生物群落的影响。动物分别接受了两种饮食，一种是按照美国国家研究委员会要求配制的高营养（HN）日粮，另一种是符合中国国家饲养标准建议的低营养（LN）日粮。在妊娠第45天或第75天，对母猪实施安乐死并采集其回肠内容物。分别通过Chao1和ACE物种丰富度测量法以及香农和辛普森指数测定，实验日粮和孕期阶段对回肠细菌丰富度或多样性均无影响。厚壁菌门和变形菌门分别占总读数的69.99 - 85.44%和5.82 - 15.17%，无论日粮如何，它们都是优势菌门。在属水平上，日粮显著影响乳酸杆菌属物种的丰度，饲喂HN饲料的猪中该属丰度更高（P < 0.05），但对巨球型菌属物种的丰度影响较小（P = 0.096）。孕期阶段对变形菌门数量影响极小（P = 0.053）。在妊娠第45天至第75天期间，厚壁菌门和乳酸杆菌属的细菌数量减少，而变形菌门、肠杆菌科和拟杆菌属的细菌数量增加。在所检测的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）中，只有丙酸水平有显著变化，第45天的浓度高于第75天。我们的研究结果表明，厚壁菌门和变形菌门在妊娠母猪回肠细菌谱中占主导地位。除了变形菌门数量有随妊娠进展而增加的趋势外，孕期阶段和日粮对回肠微生物组成、多样性以及肠腔SCFA浓度影响较小。
