Fouhse Janelle M, Gänzle Michael G, Beattie Aaron D, Vasanthan Thava, Zijlstra Ruurd T
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Nutr. 2017 Nov;147(11):2031-2040. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.255851. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
Changes in whole-grain chemical composition can affect the site of nutrient digestion, which may alter substrate availability and gut microbiota composition. This study elucidated the function of whole-grain fermentable fiber composition on ileal substrate flow, hindgut substrate availability, and subsequent gut microbial profiles in pigs. Five whole grains-) high-fermentability, high-β-glucan hull-less barley (HFB); ) high-fermentability, high-amylose hull-less barley (HFA); ) moderate-fermentability hull-less barley (MFB); ) low-fermentability hulled barley (LFB); or ) low-fermentability hard red spring wheat (LFW)-were included at 800 g/kg into diets fed to ileal-cannulated growing pigs for 9 d in a 6 (periods) × 5 (diets) Youden square. Digesta were analyzed for nutrient flow and microbial composition via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The consumption of fermentable whole grains, HFB, and HFA increased ( < 0.05) ileal starch flow by 69% and dry matter flow by 37% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. The consumption of HFB and HFA increased ( 0.05) fecal Firmicutes phylum abundance by 26% and 21% compared with LFB intake and increased ( < 0.05) fecal genus abundance, on average, by 98% compared with LFB and LFW intakes. Fecal and genera abundances increased ( < 0.05) with HFB intake compared with LFB and LFW intakes. In contrast, the consumption of LFB increased ( < 0.05) fecal Bacteroidetes phylum abundance by 43% compared with MFB intake. Ileal starch flow and fecal Firmicutes abundance were positively correlated and determined by using principal components analysis. Increasing dietary fermentable fiber from whole grains can increase ileal substrate flow and hindgut substrate availability, shifting the fecal microbiota toward Firmicutes phylum members. Thus, digesta substrate flow is important to shape gut microbial profiles in pigs, which indicates that the manipulation of substrate flow should be considered as a tool to modulate gut microbiota composition.
全谷物化学成分的变化会影响营养物质的消化部位，这可能会改变底物的可利用性和肠道微生物群的组成。本研究阐明了全谷物可发酵纤维成分对猪回肠底物流量、后肠底物可利用性以及随后的肠道微生物谱的作用。将五种全谷物——高发酵性、高β-葡聚糖裸大麦（HFB）；高发酵性、高直链淀粉裸大麦（HFA）；中等发酵性裸大麦（MFB）；低发酵性带壳大麦（LFB）；或低发酵性硬红春小麦（LFW）——以800 g/kg的比例添加到回肠造瘘生长猪的日粮中，在一个6（时期）×5（日粮）的尤登方中饲喂9天。通过16S核糖体RNA基因测序分析食糜的营养物质流量和微生物组成。与摄入LFB和LFW相比，可发酵全谷物、HFB和HFA的摄入使回肠淀粉流量增加了69%，干物质流量增加了37%（P<0.05）。与摄入LFB相比，摄入HFB和HFA使粪便厚壁菌门丰度分别增加了26%和21%（P>0.05），与摄入LFB和LFW相比，平均使粪便普雷沃氏菌属丰度增加了98%（P<0.05）。与摄入LFB和LFW相比，摄入HFB使粪便拟杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属丰度增加（P<0.05）。相反，与摄入MFB相比，摄入LFB使粪便拟杆菌门丰度增加了43%（P<0.05）。回肠淀粉流量和粪便厚壁菌丰度呈正相关，并通过主成分分析确定。增加日粮中全谷物的可发酵纤维可以增加回肠底物流量和后肠底物可利用性，使粪便微生物群向厚壁菌门成员转变。因此，食糜底物流量对塑造猪的肠道微生物谱很重要，这表明应将底物流量的调控视为调节肠道微生物群组成的一种手段。
