Watterworth Jessica C, Hutchinson Joy M, Buchholz Andrea C, Darlington Gerarda, Randall Simpson Janis A, Ma David W L, Haines Jess
a Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
b Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017 Jun;42(6):667-671. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0572. Epub 2017 Feb 14.
In Canada, little is known about how food parenting practices are associated with young children's dietary intakes and no studies have examined food parenting practices of Canadian fathers. This study aimed to examine associations between food parenting practices and preschool-age children's nutrition risk. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of thirty-one 2-parent families; 31 mothers, 31 fathers, and 40 preschool-age children. Parents completed an adapted version of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. We calculated children's nutrition risk using their NutriSTEP score. To account for sibling association, we used generalized estimating equations, adjusting for child age, sex, household income, and parental body mass index. Both mothers' and fathers' involvement of children in meal preparation were associated with lower child nutrition risk (mother [Formula: see text] = -3.45, p = 0.02; father [Formula: see text] = -1.74, p = 0.01), as were their healthy home environment scores (mother [Formula: see text] = -8.36, p < 0.001; father [Formula: see text] = -2.69, p = 0.04). Mothers' encouragement of balance and variety was associated with lower nutrition risk ([Formula: see text] = -8.88, p = 0.01), whereas mothers' use of food as a reward was associated with higher nutrition risk ([Formula: see text] = 4.67, p < 0.001). Fathers' modelling of healthy behaviours was associated with lower nutrition risk ([Formula: see text] = -2.21, p = 0.01), whereas fathers' restriction for health ([Formula: see text] = 2.21, p = 0.03) and pressure-to-eat scores ([Formula: see text] = 3.26, p = <0.001) were associated with higher nutrition risk. No associations were found between child nutrition status and parental emotion regulation, control, monitoring, or restriction for weight. In conclusion, both mothers' and fathers' food parenting practices are associated with their children's nutrition status. Fathers should be included in food parenting practices interventions.
在加拿大，人们对食物养育方式与幼儿饮食摄入之间的关联知之甚少，且尚无研究考察过加拿大父亲的食物养育方式。本研究旨在探讨食物养育方式与学龄前儿童营养风险之间的关联。我们对31个双亲家庭进行了横断面分析；其中包括31位母亲、31位父亲和40名学龄前儿童。父母完成了一份改编后的《综合喂养方式问卷》。我们使用儿童的营养阶梯评分来计算其营养风险。为了考虑兄弟姐妹之间的关联，我们使用了广义估计方程，并对儿童年龄、性别、家庭收入和父母体重指数进行了调整。母亲和父亲让孩子参与 meal preparation 均与较低的儿童营养风险相关（母亲[公式：见原文] = -3.45，p = 0.02；父亲[公式：见原文] = -1.74，p = 0.01），他们的健康家庭环境得分也是如此（母亲[公式：见原文] = -8.36，p < 0.001；父亲[公式：见原文] = -2.69，p = 0.04）。母亲对饮食均衡和多样化的鼓励与较低的营养风险相关（[公式：见原文] = -8.88，p = 0.01），而母亲将食物用作奖励则与较高的营养风险相关（[公式：见原文] = 4.67，p < 0.001）。父亲对健康行为的示范与较低的营养风险相关（[公式：见原文] = -2.21，p = 0.01），而父亲出于健康目的的限制（[公式：见原文] = 2.21，p = 0.03）和强迫进食得分（[公式：见原文] = 3.26，p = <0.001）与较高的营养风险相关。未发现儿童营养状况与父母情绪调节、控制、监督或体重限制之间存在关联。总之，母亲和父亲的食物养育方式均与其子女的营养状况相关。食物养育方式干预应纳入父亲。 （注：meal preparation 可能是指准备膳食等相关行为，因原文未明确，此处保留英文）
