Hewett Timothy E, Bates Nathaniel A
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;45(11):2654-2664. doi: 10.1177/0363546516686080. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Preventive medicine techniques have alleviated billions of dollars' worth of the economic burden in the medical care system through the implementation of vaccinations and screenings before the onset of disease symptoms. Knowledge of biomechanical tendencies has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years such that clinicians can identify, in healthy athletes, the underlying mechanisms that lead to catastrophic injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. As such, preventive medicine concepts can be applied to noncontact musculoskeletal injuries to reduce the economic burden of sports medicine treatments and enhance the long-term health of athletes.
To illustrate the practical medical benefits that could be gained from preventive biomechanics applied to the ACL as well as the need and feasibility for the broad implementation of these principles.
Literature review.
The recent literature pertinent to the screening and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries was reviewed and compiled into a clinical commentary on the current state and applicability of preventive biomechanics.
Investigators have identified neuromuscular training protocols that screen for and correct the underlying biomechanical deficits that lead to ACL injuries. The literature shows that when athletes comply with these prescribed training protocols, the incidence of injuries is significantly reduced within that population. Such preventive biomechanics practices employ basic training methods that would be familiar to athletic coaches and have the potential to save billions of dollars in cost in sports medicine.
The widespread implementation of preventive biomechanics concepts could profoundly affect the field of sports medicine with a minimum of initial investment.
预防医学技术通过在疾病症状出现前实施疫苗接种和筛查，减轻了医疗保健系统价值数十亿美元的经济负担。在过去20年中，生物力学趋势方面的知识迅速发展，以至于临床医生能够在健康运动员中识别出导致前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂等灾难性损伤的潜在机制。因此，预防医学概念可应用于非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤，以减轻运动医学治疗的经济负担，并提高运动员的长期健康水平。
阐述将预防性生物力学应用于ACL可获得的实际医学益处，以及广泛实施这些原则的必要性和可行性。
文献综述。
回顾了与肌肉骨骼损伤筛查和预防相关的近期文献，并汇编成一篇关于预防性生物力学现状和适用性的临床评论。
研究人员已经确定了神经肌肉训练方案，用于筛查和纠正导致ACL损伤的潜在生物力学缺陷。文献表明，当运动员遵守这些规定的训练方案时，该人群中的损伤发生率会显著降低。这种预防性生物力学实践采用了运动教练熟悉的基本训练方法，有可能在运动医学领域节省数十亿美元的成本。
预防性生物力学概念的广泛实施可能会以最少的初始投资对运动医学领域产生深远影响。
