Nakano P H, Bloom R R, Brown B C, Gray S W, Skandalakis J E, Kibbe J M
Am Surg. 1987 Sep;53(9):505-9.
Apudomas are neoplasms known to produce many biologically active amines. Some of these tumors have been known for 70 years, but over the last 15 years a wealth of new knowledge has been obtained. This study reports experience with apudomas over an 8-year period (1975-1983) at The Piedmont Hospital. There were 159 tumors with the potential for producing various ectopic hormones as well as biologically active amines, including 112 oat cell carcinomas, 37 carcinoid tumors, 4 paragangliomas, 2 pancreatic islet cell tumors, 2 medullary thyroid carcinomas, 1 pituitary adenoma, and 1 pinealocytoma. Of the 112 oat cell carcinomas, only 2 per cent had hormone-related symptoms. Of the carcinoid tumors, 12 were found in the appendix, 9 in the small intestine, 9 in the lungs, 4 in the colon and 2 in the rectum. Nineteen of the 37 carcinoids had hormone-related symptoms but none had a classic carcinoid syndrome. A third group of apudomas included several of relative rarity, the paragangliomas, the medullary thyroid carcinomas, the pancreatic islet cell tumors, pituitary adenomas, and pinealocytomas. Of this latter group, only the pancreatic islet cell tumors had symptomatology that could be related to ectopic hormone production.
APUD瘤是已知能产生多种生物活性胺的肿瘤。其中一些肿瘤已被发现70年了，但在过去15年里又获得了大量新知识。本研究报告了皮埃蒙特医院在1975年至1983年这8年期间对APUD瘤的治疗经验。有159个肿瘤有产生各种异位激素以及生物活性胺的可能，包括112例燕麦细胞癌、37例类癌、4例副神经节瘤、2例胰岛细胞瘤、2例甲状腺髓样癌、1例垂体腺瘤和1例松果体细胞瘤。在112例燕麦细胞癌中，只有2%有激素相关症状。在类癌中，12例位于阑尾，9例位于小肠，9例位于肺，4例位于结肠，2例位于直肠。37例类癌中有19例有激素相关症状，但无一例有典型的类癌综合征。第三组APUD瘤包括一些相对罕见的肿瘤，如副神经节瘤、甲状腺髓样癌、胰岛细胞瘤、垂体腺瘤和松果体细胞瘤。在这后一组中，只有胰岛细胞瘤有与异位激素产生相关的症状。
