Hernández-Ruiz Marcela, Zlotnik Albert
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Immunology, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2017 Feb;37(2):62-70. doi: 10.1089/jir.2016.0076.
Several chemokines have important functions in mucosal immunity. While there are many chemokines, 4 of them (CCL25, CCL28, CXCL14, and CXCL17) are especially important in mucosal immunity because they are homeostatically expressed in mucosal tissues. Of these, only CCL25 and CCL28 have been widely recognized as mucosal chemokines. In this study, we review the physiology of these chemokines with specific emphasis on their function in mucosal immunity. CCL25 recruits certain important subsets of T cells that express CCR9 to the small intestine. These CCR9 T cells also express the integrin α4β7 and have been shown to play important roles in the control of intestinal inflammation. CCL28 recruits CCR10 IgA plasmablasts to the lactating mammary gland. The role of CXCL14 in mucosal immunity is less well defined, but a Cxcl14 mouse exhibits significant metabolic abnormalities. Finally, CXCL17 was the last chemokine to be described and signals through a new chemokine receptor (GPR35/CXCR8), which is expressed in a subset of macrophages that are recruited to mucosal tissues by this chemokine. We conclude that these 4 chemokines play very important roles in mucosal immunity and their continued functional characterization will likely identify novel therapeutic targets.
几种趋化因子在黏膜免疫中具有重要功能。虽然趋化因子众多，但其中4种（CCL25、CCL28、CXCL14和CXCL17）在黏膜免疫中尤为重要，因为它们在黏膜组织中呈稳态表达。其中，只有CCL25和CCL28被广泛认为是黏膜趋化因子。在本研究中，我们综述了这些趋化因子的生理学，特别强调它们在黏膜免疫中的功能。CCL25将某些表达CCR9的重要T细胞亚群招募至小肠。这些CCR9 T细胞还表达整合素α4β7，并已证明在控制肠道炎症中发挥重要作用。CCL28将CCR10 IgA浆母细胞招募至泌乳乳腺。CXCL14在黏膜免疫中的作用尚不太明确，但Cxcl14基因敲除小鼠表现出明显的代谢异常。最后，CXCL17是最后被描述的趋化因子，通过一种新的趋化因子受体（GPR35/CXCR8）发出信号，该受体在被这种趋化因子招募至黏膜组织的一部分巨噬细胞中表达。我们得出结论，这4种趋化因子在黏膜免疫中发挥着非常重要的作用，对它们持续的功能表征可能会确定新的治疗靶点。
