Pacifici Roberta, Marchei Emilia, Salvatore Francesco, Guandalini Luca, Busardò Francesco Paolo, Pichini Simona
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Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017 Aug 28;55(10):1555-1563. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2016-1060.
Cannabis has been used since ancient times to relieve neuropathic pain, to lower intraocular pressure, to increase appetite and finally to decrease nausea and vomiting. The combination of the psychoactive cannabis alkaloid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with the non-psychotropic alkaloids cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) demonstrated a higher activity than THC alone. The Italian National Institute of Health sought to establish conditions and indications on how to correctly use nationally produced cannabis to guarantee therapeutic continuity in individuals treated with medical cannabis.
The evaluation of cannabinoids concentration and stability in standardized preparations of cannabis tea and cannabis oil was conducted using an easy and fast ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay.
Extraction efficiency of oil was significantly higher than that of water with respect to the different cannabinoids. This was especially observed in the case of the pharmacologically active THC, CBD and their acidic precursors. Fifteen minutes boiling was sufficient to achieve the highest concentrations of cannabinoids in the cannabis tea solutions. At ambient temperature, a significant THC and CBD decrease to 50% or less of the initial concentration was observed over 3 and 7 days, respectively. When refrigerated at 4 °C, similar decreasing profiles were observed for the two compounds. The cannabinoids profile in cannabis oil obtained after pre-heating the flowering tops at 145 °C for 30 min in a static oven resulted in a complete decarboxylation of cannabinoid acids CBDA and THCA-A. Nevertheless, it was apparent that heat not only decarboxylated acidic compounds, but also significantly increased the final concentrations of cannabinoids in oil. The stability of cannabinoids in oil samples was higher than that in tea samples since the maximum decrease (72% of initial concentration) was observed in THC coming from unheated flowering tops at ambient temperature. In the case of the other cannabinoids, at ambient and refrigerated temperatures, 80%-85% of the initial concentrations were measured up to 14 days after oil preparation.
As the first and most important aim of the different cannabis preparations is to guarantee therapeutic continuity in treated individuals, a strictly standardized preparation protocol is necessary to assure the availability of a homogeneous product of defined stability.
自古以来，大麻就被用于缓解神经性疼痛、降低眼压、增加食欲以及最终减轻恶心和呕吐。精神活性大麻生物碱Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）与非精神活性生物碱大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻酚（CBN）的组合显示出比单独使用THC更高的活性。意大利国家卫生研究院试图确定如何正确使用国产大麻的条件和适应症，以确保接受医用大麻治疗的个体的治疗连续性。
使用简便快速的超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）分析法对大麻茶和大麻油标准化制剂中大麻素的浓度和稳定性进行评估。
就不同大麻素而言，油的提取效率显著高于水。在具有药理活性的THC、CBD及其酸性前体的情况下尤其如此。15分钟的煮沸足以使大麻茶溶液中的大麻素达到最高浓度。在室温下，THC和CBD分别在3天和7天内显著下降至初始浓度的50%或更低。当在4℃冷藏时，观察到这两种化合物有类似的下降趋势。在静态烘箱中于145℃将开花顶端预热30分钟后获得的大麻油中的大麻素谱导致大麻素酸CBDA和THCA-A完全脱羧。然而，很明显，加热不仅使酸性化合物脱羧，还显著提高了油中大麻素的最终浓度。油样中大麻素的稳定性高于茶样，因为在室温下来自未加热开花顶端的THC中观察到最大降幅（初始浓度的72%）。对于其他大麻素，在室温和冷藏温度下，在油制备后长达14天的时间里，可测得初始浓度的80%-85%。
由于不同大麻制剂的首要也是最重要的目标是确保接受治疗的个体的治疗连续性，因此需要严格标准化的制备方案以确保获得具有确定稳定性的均质产品。
