Froude Anna Marie, Pangborn Nikki, Britz-McKibbin Phillip, MacKillop James, Balodis Iris
Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University.
Cannabis. 2024 Dec 12;7(3):134-166. doi: 10.26828/cannabis/2024/000271. eCollection 2024.
Although Canada legalized cannabis beverages in 2019, most available research on acute cannabis intoxication derives from dried flower and edible products. The distinct bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of phytocannabinoids ingested from beverages, however, contribute to significantly different acute and long-term effects that need to be better understood to ensure consumer safety.
This review investigates existing cannabis beverage literature, with a particular focus on acute intoxication effects.
and databases were systematically searched. A structured search generated 29 eligible studies, comprising studies of consumption patterns and beliefs, advertisements and marketing, acute effects in human models, and drink composition.
Human studies report aversive acute subjective and physiological effects induced by cannabis beverages in healthy, infrequent users. Beverages also showed inaccurate cannabinoid labeling, posing potential risks to consumers. This review highlights the paucity and inconsistency of available research, further exacerbated by the sheer diversity of formulations investigated, while beginning to address some questions surrounding the safety and risks associated with cannabis beverages.
Given the extensive differences in effects across cannabis-infused beverages, and the growing 'drinkables' market, it is essential that more studies directly examine both acute and long-term impacts of cannabis beverage consumption.
尽管加拿大在2019年将大麻饮料合法化，但大多数关于急性大麻中毒的现有研究都来自干花和食用产品。然而，从饮料中摄入的植物大麻素具有独特的生物利用度和药代动力学特性，会导致显著不同的急性和长期影响，为确保消费者安全，需要对此有更好的了解。
本综述调查了现有的大麻饮料文献，特别关注急性中毒影响。
对数据库进行了系统检索。结构化检索产生了29项符合条件的研究，包括消费模式和观念、广告与营销、人体模型中的急性影响以及饮料成分等方面的研究。
人体研究报告称，大麻饮料会给健康的、不常使用大麻的人带来令人厌恶的急性主观和生理影响。饮料还存在大麻素标签不准确的情况，给消费者带来潜在风险。本综述强调了现有研究的匮乏和不一致性，所研究配方的极度多样性进一步加剧了这种情况，同时也开始解决一些围绕大麻饮料安全性和风险的问题。
鉴于不同大麻饮料的效果存在广泛差异，以及“可饮用”市场的不断增长，必须有更多研究直接考察饮用大麻饮料的急性和长期影响。
