Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Feb 17;18(3):158-171. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.8.
The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are considered risky, maladaptive and symptomatic of such diverse brain disorders as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug addiction and affective disorders. Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the identification of discrete neural networks that underlie different forms of impulsivity - from impaired response inhibition and risky decision making to a profound intolerance of delayed rewards. Herein, we review what is currently known about the neural and psychological mechanisms of impulsivity, and discuss the relevance and application of these new insights to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
在许多情况下，能够快速做出决策并毫不犹豫地采取行动是有优势的。然而，当持续表现出冲动的决策和行为时，这些行为被认为是有风险的、适应不良的，并且是注意力缺陷多动障碍、药物成瘾和情感障碍等多种大脑疾病的症状。在过去的十年中，在确定不同形式冲动的离散神经网络方面取得了快速进展——从反应抑制受损和冒险决策到对延迟奖励的深刻不耐受。在此，我们回顾了目前关于冲动的神经和心理机制的了解，并讨论了这些新见解对各种神经精神疾病的相关性和应用。
