Levitt Emily, Sanchez-Roige Sandra, Palmer Abraham A, MacKillop James
Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2020;47:113-138. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_128.
This chapter provides an overview over the behavioral economic index of impulsivity known as delay discounting. Specifically, delay discounting refers to an individual's preference for smaller immediate rewards over a larger delayed rewards. The more precipitously an individual discounts future rewards, the more impulsive they are considered to be. First, the chapter reviews the nature of delay discounting as a psychological process and juxtaposes it with nominally similar processes, including other facets of impulsivity. Second, the chapter reviews the links between delay discounting and numerous health behaviors, including addiction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and obesity. Third, the determinants of individual variation in delay discounting are discussed, including both genetic and environmental contributions. Finally, the chapter evaluates delay discounting as a potentially modifiable risk factor and the status of clinical interventions designed to reduce delay discounting to address deficits in self-control in a variety of maladaptive behaviors.
本章概述了被称为延迟折扣的冲动性的行为经济指标。具体而言，延迟折扣是指个体偏好较小的即时奖励而非较大的延迟奖励。个体对未来奖励的折扣越急剧，就被认为越冲动。首先，本章回顾了延迟折扣作为一种心理过程的本质，并将其与名义上类似的过程（包括冲动性的其他方面）进行对比。其次，本章回顾了延迟折扣与众多健康行为之间的联系，包括成瘾、注意力缺陷多动障碍和肥胖。第三，讨论了延迟折扣个体差异的决定因素，包括遗传和环境因素。最后，本章评估延迟折扣作为一个潜在可改变的风险因素，以及旨在减少延迟折扣以解决各种适应不良行为中自我控制缺陷的临床干预措施的现状。
