Halsey Jordan N, Hoppe Ian C, Granick Mark S, Lee Edward S
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Plastic Surgery, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey.
Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2017 Mar;10(1):44-47. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597582. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
The etiology of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton varies among studies, with motor vehicle accidents and assaults oftentimes the most common. The number of males outnumbers females throughout most studies. Fractures of the zygoma, orbit, and mandible are usually cited as most common fracture types. This study examines a single center's experience with regards to etiology and distribution of fractures. A retrospective review of all radiologically confirmed facial fractures in a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment was performed for the years 2000 to 2012. Patient demographics, etiology of injury, and location of fractures were collected. During this time period, 2,998 patients were identified as having sustained a fracture of the facial skeleton. The average age was 36.9 years, with a strong male predominance (81.5%). The most common etiologies of injury were assault (44.9%) and motor vehicle accidents (14.9%). Throughout the study period, the number of fractures as a result of assault remained relatively constant, whereas the number as a result of motor vehicle accidents decreased slightly. The most common fracture observed was of the orbit, followed by mandible, nasal bones, zygoma, and frontal sinus. Patients sustaining a fracture as a result of assault were more likely to have a mandible fracture. Patients in motor vehicle accidents were more likely to suffer fractures of the maxilla, orbit, and frontal sinus. Mandible fractures are more common in cases of assault. Motor vehicle accidents convey a large force, which, when directed at the craniofacial skeleton, can cause a variety of fracture patterns. The decreasing number of fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents may represent improved safety devices such as airbags.
颌面部骨骼骨折的病因在不同研究中有所差异，机动车事故和袭击通常是最常见的原因。在大多数研究中，男性骨折人数多于女性。颧骨、眼眶和下颌骨骨折通常被认为是最常见的骨折类型。本研究考察了一个单一中心关于骨折病因和分布的经验。对2000年至2012年期间城市环境中一家一级创伤中心所有经放射学确诊的面部骨折进行了回顾性研究。收集了患者的人口统计学资料、损伤病因和骨折部位。在此期间，确定有2998例患者发生了面部骨骼骨折。平均年龄为36.9岁，男性占主导（81.5%）。最常见的损伤病因是袭击（44.9%）和机动车事故（14.9%）。在整个研究期间，因袭击导致的骨折数量相对稳定，而因机动车事故导致的骨折数量略有下降。观察到最常见的骨折是眼眶骨折，其次是下颌骨骨折、鼻骨骨折、颧骨骨折和额窦骨折。因袭击导致骨折的患者更易发生下颌骨骨折。机动车事故中的患者更易发生上颌骨、眼眶和额窦骨折。下颌骨骨折在袭击案例中更为常见。机动车事故会产生巨大力量，当作用于颅面骨骼时，可导致多种骨折类型。机动车事故导致的骨折数量减少可能代表了安全装置（如安全气囊）的改进。
