University of Graz, Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology Unit, Graz, Austria.
University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 17;7:42967. doi: 10.1038/srep42967.
The ways in which humour can be used are related to the manifold interpersonal functions humour can serve, some of which are positive, and some negative. In the present study, phasic changes in the functional coupling of prefrontal and posterior cortex (EEG coherence) during other people's auditory displays of happy and sad mood were recorded to predict people's typical use of humour in social interactions. Greater use of benevolent humour, the intentions of which are in keeping with the characteristics of "laughing-with" humour, was associated with greater decreases of prefrontal-posterior coupling during the processing of happy laughter. More loose prefrontal-posterior coupling indicates loosening of control of the prefrontal cortex over the incoming perceptual information, thereby opening up the perceptual gate and allowing the brain to become more affected by the social-emotional signals. Greater use of humour styles linked to malicious intentions of "laughing-at" humour was associated with responses indicating a wider opened perceptual gate during the processing of other people's crying. The findings are consistent with the idea that typical humour styles develop in line with the rewarding values of their outcomes (e.g., interaction partners are happy or hurt), which in turn are defined through the individuals' latent interpersonal goals.
幽默的运用方式与幽默所能发挥的多种人际功能有关,其中一些是积极的,一些是消极的。在本研究中,记录了人们在听到他人表达快乐和悲伤情绪时,前额叶和后皮质(脑电图相干性)功能耦合的相位变化,以预测人们在社交互动中典型的幽默使用方式。人们在社交互动中更倾向于使用善意的幽默,而善意幽默的意图与“与他人一起笑”的幽默特征保持一致,这与在处理愉快笑声时前额叶-后皮质耦合的更大减少有关。更松散的前额叶-后皮质耦合表明,前额叶对传入感知信息的控制有所放松,从而打开感知之门,使大脑更容易受到社会情感信号的影响。在处理他人哭泣时,与恶意“嘲笑”幽默意图相关的幽默风格的使用与表明感知之门更开放的反应有关。这些发现与这样一种观点一致,即典型的幽默风格是根据其结果的奖励价值(例如,互动伙伴是快乐还是受伤)发展起来的,而这些价值反过来又是通过个体潜在的人际目标来定义的。