Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.
Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology , Calgary, Alberta T2E 8H6, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Mar 21;51(6):3402-3409. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05113. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
The main objective of this study was to build several full-scale biosand filters (BSFs) and assess the long-term (9 month) efficacy for particulate and Escherichia coli removal under simulated real-world usage. Four replicates of three different filter designs were built: the traditional concrete BSF and two scaled-down versions that use a 5 or 2 gal bucket as the casing material. The smaller sand bed depths in the bucket-sized filters did not impact filter performance with respect to (i) turbidity and E. coli removal or (ii) effluent levels of turbidity and E. coli. All filters produced effluents with a mean turbidity of <0.6 nephelometric turbidity unit. In addition, 78, 74, and 72% of effluent samples for the concrete, 5 gal, and 2 gal filters, respectively, had E. coli concentrations of <1 colony-forming unit/100 mL. The bucket-sized filters were found to be a potential alternative to the concrete BSFs for the removal of E. coli and turbidity from drinking water. Because smaller BSFs must be filled more frequently than larger BSFs to produce comparable water volumes, the effect of shorter pause periods on BSF performance should be investigated.
本研究的主要目的是构建多个全尺寸生物砂滤器（BSF），并评估在模拟实际使用情况下，长达 9 个月的颗粒物和大肠杆菌去除的长期效果。构建了四种不同过滤设计的三个重复：传统的混凝土 BSF 以及两种使用 5 或 2 加仑桶作为外壳材料的缩小版。在桶式过滤器中，较小的砂床深度不会影响过滤性能，无论是（i）浊度和大肠杆菌去除率，还是（ii）浊度和大肠杆菌的出水水平。所有过滤器产生的出水浊度均值均<0.6 度。此外，混凝土、5 加仑和 2 加仑过滤器的出水样本中，分别有 78%、74%和 72%的大肠杆菌浓度<1 个菌落形成单位/100mL。桶式过滤器是去除饮用水中大肠杆菌和浊度的混凝土 BSF 的潜在替代品。由于较小的 BSF 必须比较大的 BSF 更频繁地填充才能产生可比的水量，因此应研究较短的暂停时间对 BSF 性能的影响。
