Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology, B12, 6020 - 2 St. S.E. Calgary Alberta,T2H 2L8, Canada.
Water Res. 2021 Feb 1;189:116577. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116577. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Three different-sized biosand filters (i.e., the center for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology v10 concrete filter, a 5-gal bucket filter, and a 2-gal bucket filter with fine sand depths of 54, 15, and 10 cm, respectively), configured with and without the addition of iron nails to the diffuser basin, were evaluated for removal of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses over pause periods ranging from 1 to 72 hrs. Biosand filtration proved effective at all pause periods tested, and log10 removal of bacteria and protozoan cysts for all filter sizes and configurations ranged from 3 to 4. The addition of nails resulted in significantly better (p<0.05) bacteria removal for all filter sizes and significantly better (p<0.02) protozoan removal for the bucket-sized filters. Log10 virus removal for all filter types and sizes ranged from <1 to 6. Both the pause period and filter type (size/configuration) influenced virus removal, and the addition of nails to the filter improved virus removal at the shorter pause periods. Scaled-down biosand filters provide a viable household water treatment option for some of the millions of people that still lack access to an improved water source.
三种不同尺寸的生物砂滤器（即平价水和卫生技术中心 v10 混凝土滤池、5 加仑桶滤池和 2 加仑桶滤池，其细砂深度分别为 54、15 和 10 厘米），分别在有和没有在扩散器盆地添加铁钉的情况下进行评估，以去除细菌、原生动物和病毒，暂停时间从 1 小时到 72 小时不等。生物砂滤器在所有测试的暂停时间内都证明是有效的，所有滤器尺寸和配置的细菌和原生动物胞囊的对数去除率范围为 3 到 4。添加钉子会显著提高所有滤器尺寸的细菌去除率（p<0.05），并显著提高桶式滤器的原生动物去除率（p<0.02）。所有滤器类型和尺寸的病毒去除率范围为<1 到 6。暂停时间和滤器类型（尺寸/配置）都会影响病毒的去除率，并且在较短的暂停时间内，在滤器中添加钉子会提高病毒的去除率。小型化的生物砂滤器为仍然缺乏改善水源的数百万人提供了一种可行的家庭水处理选择。
