González Javier, Gaynor Jeffrey J, Albéniz Luis F, Ciancio Gaetano
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Avda. de Reina Victoria, 22-26, 28003, Madrid, Spain.
Miami Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2017 Feb;18(2):10. doi: 10.1007/s11934-017-0658-y.
The inferior vena cava (IVC) system is the major venous collecting blood network of the human body. This structure is formed in a complicated series of developmental stages between the fourth and eighth weeks of intrauterine life. Alterations in the developing process of the IVC system give rise to an array of different congenital variants or developmental anomalies.
IVC anomalies are uncommon, usually of little physiological consequence, and mostly discovered incidentally during cross-sectional imaging in otherwise healthy individuals. However, they do have implications of relevance to surgeons because they may lead to significant complications during vascular interventional radiology procedures and retroperitoneal surgery when undiagnosed. This review synthesizes the current literature pertaining the development and identification of IVC anomalies, highlighting their possible implications for surgical procedures involving this retroperitoneal vessel.
下腔静脉（IVC）系统是人体主要的静脉血液收集网络。该结构在子宫内生命的第4至8周期间通过一系列复杂的发育阶段形成。IVC系统发育过程中的改变会引发一系列不同的先天性变异或发育异常。
IVC异常并不常见，通常对生理影响较小，大多在对其他方面健康的个体进行横断面成像时偶然发现。然而，它们对外科医生具有重要意义，因为在未被诊断出来时，它们可能在血管介入放射学手术和腹膜后手术期间导致严重并发症。本综述综合了有关IVC异常的发育和识别的当前文献，强调了它们对涉及这条腹膜后血管的外科手术可能产生的影响。
