Conti Marcelo Enrique, Mele Giustino, Finoia Maria Grazia
Department of Management, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Viale V. Brancati 60, 00166, Rome, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Mar;24(9):8852-8865. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8572-x. Epub 2017 Feb 18.
In this study, we tested the aptitude of the gastropod mollusk Patella caerulea as biomonitor of elemental pollution in seawater of a central Tyrrhenian ecosystem (Pontine Islands archipelago and Lazio region coastal sites, Italy). Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured in 120 individuals collected in six strategic locations in two sampling campaigns during 2011 and 2012. Samples of surrounding seawater were also collected in the same sites and tested for the same metals in order to obtain the respective concentration factors (CFs). Then, we analyzed the evolution of contamination in the selected sites and compared our results with the baseline levels (control charts) previously established for Tyrrhenian seas (Conti et al. Environ Sci Pollut R 22:3640-3651,2015). With this purpose, we defined six new variables (one for each metal) and then we applied multivariate statistics, i.e., cluster analysis and discriminant analysis on the principal component analysis factors in order to obtain more reliable results. Patella resulted to be a strong bioaccumulator of Cd (CFs = 8990) and a good accumulator of Cr, Pb, and Zn. The levels of the majority of metals (i.e., Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Patella decreased in the range from -13.06% of Zn to -42.51% of Ni in Fiumicino harbor, Anzio beach, and Ponza Harbor from 2011 to 2012. In general, the metal levels in these marine areas are low and within the previously established baseline ranges for Tyrrhenian Sea (control charts). Here, we found a not univocal trend of metal bioaccumulation patterns between the two sampling campaigns (2011-2012) in the selected sites. No one site resulted to be clearly more contaminated than another (i.e., harbor sites as expected). For instance, for Cd, we detected a relevant increase of its levels (+118%) in the harbors and Anzio beach sites from 2011 to 2012; however, they remained at lower levels of the lower limit (Q ) of the control chart. Higher Pb levels with respect to the baseline values were observed for the majority of samples in the Ponza Cala Fonte site. Patella confirmed its usefulness as a cosmopolitan trace metal biomonitor in marine Mediterranean areas. The possibility of employing these results as a baseline level for comparative purposes in other marine areas is fully debated.
在本研究中，我们测试了腹足纲软体动物蓝贻贝（Patella caerulea）作为第勒尼安海中部生态系统（意大利庞廷群岛群岛和拉齐奥地区沿海站点）海水中元素污染生物监测器的适用性。在2011年和2012年的两次采样活动中，从六个战略地点采集了120个个体，测量了其中镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的浓度。还在相同地点采集了周围海水样本，并对相同金属进行了测试，以获得各自的浓度因子（CFs）。然后，我们分析了所选地点污染情况的演变，并将我们的结果与先前为第勒尼安海建立的基线水平（控制图）进行了比较（Conti等人，《环境科学与污染研究》22:3640 - 3651，2015）。为此，我们定义了六个新变量（每种金属一个），然后应用多元统计方法，即对主成分分析因子进行聚类分析和判别分析，以获得更可靠的结果。蓝贻贝被证明是镉的强生物累积者（CFs = 8990），也是铬、铅和锌的良好累积者。从2011年到2012年，在菲乌米奇诺港、安齐奥海滩和蓬扎港，蓝贻贝中大多数金属（即铬、铜、镍、铅和锌）的含量下降幅度在锌的 - 13.06%至镍的 - 42.51%之间。总体而言，这些海域的金属含量较低，处于先前为第勒尼安海建立的基线范围内（控制图）。在这里，我们发现在所选地点的两次采样活动（2011 - 2012年）之间，金属生物累积模式没有单一的趋势。没有一个地点的污染明显比另一个地点更严重（即不像预期的港口地点那样）。例如，对于镉，我们检测到从2011年到2012年，其在港口和安齐奥海滩地点的含量有显著增加（+118%）；然而，它们仍低于控制图下限（Q）的水平。在蓬扎卡拉丰特站点，大多数样本的铅含量相对于基线值更高。蓝贻贝证实了其作为地中海海洋地区世界性痕量金属生物监测器的有用性。将这些结果用作其他海洋地区比较目的的基线水平的可能性仍在充分讨论中。
