Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4. Canada.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul. Korea.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(20):2976-2990. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170216122412.
The artificial nanostructures such as nanoparticles and natural nanostructures such as secreted nanosized extracellular vesicles known as exosomes are promising tools for the realization of personalized medicine. Radionanomedicine is a recently coined term for the simultaneous application of either radiation technology or nuclear medicine with nanomedicine. In addition, radioexosomics is our suggested term for the study of exosomes functions, cytotoxicity, cancerogenicity, and biodistribution using radiation technology and nuclear medicine tracing technology. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and a big majority of patients with PC progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) mostly. The mechanisms leading to development of CRPC remain poorly understood and there is still a need to improve the therapeutic options available for PCa. In this review, a wide variety of nanostructure-based prostate cancer research using radiation technology and nuclear medicine is discussed. In addition, we will present what is currently known about the function of exosomes in PCa. The review concludes by summarizing the current status and future perspectives of radionanomedicine and radioexosomics for understanding PCa biology, as well as PCa enhancement of targeting strategies, drug delivery, molecular imaging and therapy.
人工纳米结构，如纳米颗粒，和天然纳米结构，如分泌的纳米大小的细胞外囊泡，即外泌体，是实现个性化医学的有前途的工具。放射纳米医学是一个最近创造的术语，用于同时应用放射技术或核医学与纳米医学。此外，我们建议使用放射技术和核医学示踪技术研究外泌体的功能、细胞毒性、致癌性和生物分布的术语为“放射外科学”。前列腺癌（PCa）是男性最常见的癌症，大多数 PCa 患者进展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌（CRPC）。导致 CRPC 发展的机制仍知之甚少，仍然需要改善可用于 PCa 的治疗选择。在这篇综述中，讨论了广泛的基于纳米结构的前列腺癌研究，使用了放射技术和核医学。此外，我们将介绍目前已知的外泌体在 PCa 中的功能。该综述总结了放射纳米医学和放射外科学的现状和未来展望，以了解 PCa 生物学，以及 PCa 增强靶向策略、药物输送、分子成像和治疗。
