Watt Georgia, Karl Tim
Karl Group, Behavioural Neuroscience, Western Sydney University Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
Karl Group, Behavioural Neuroscience, Western Sydney UniversityCampbelltown, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwick, NSW, Australia.
Front Pharmacol. 2017 Feb 3;8:20. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00020. eCollection 2017.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is affecting an increasing number of people. It is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Current AD treatments do not stop or reverse the disease progression, highlighting the need for new, more effective therapeutics. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that has demonstrated neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties . Thus, it is investigated as a potential multifunctional treatment option for AD. Here, we summarize the current status quo of effects of CBD in established pharmacological and transgenic animal models for AD. The studies demonstrate the ability of CBD to reduce reactive gliosis and the neuroinflammatory response as well as to promote neurogenesis. Importantly, CBD also reverses and prevents the development of cognitive deficits in AD rodent models. Interestingly, combination therapies of CBD and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active ingredient of , show that CBD can antagonize the psychoactive effects associated with THC and possibly mediate greater therapeutic benefits than either phytocannabinoid alone. The studies provide "proof of principle" that CBD and possibly CBD-THC combinations are valid candidates for novel AD therapies. Further investigations should address the long-term potential of CBD and evaluate mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects described.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种使人衰弱的神经退行性疾病，影响着越来越多的人。其特征是β-淀粉样蛋白的积累、tau蛋白的过度磷酸化以及神经炎症和氧化应激。目前的AD治疗方法无法阻止或逆转疾病进展，这凸显了对新型、更有效治疗方法的需求。大麻二酚（CBD）是一种无精神活性的植物大麻素，已显示出神经保护、抗炎和抗氧化特性。因此，它被作为AD的一种潜在多功能治疗选择进行研究。在此，我们总结了CBD在已建立的AD药理学和转基因动物模型中的作用现状。这些研究证明了CBD能够减少反应性胶质增生和神经炎症反应，并促进神经发生。重要的是，CBD还能逆转并预防AD啮齿动物模型中认知缺陷的发展。有趣的是，CBD与Δ-四氢大麻酚（THC，大麻的主要活性成分）的联合疗法表明，CBD可以拮抗与THC相关的精神活性作用，并且可能比单独使用任何一种植物大麻素介导更大的治疗益处。这些研究提供了“原理证明”，即CBD以及可能的CBD-THC组合是新型AD疗法的有效候选物。进一步的研究应探讨CBD的长期潜力，并评估所描述治疗效果涉及的机制。
