Weissgerber Anaelle, Hermanns-Clausen Maren, Lamy Evelyn
Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Poisons Information Center, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 May 21;16:1571025. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1571025. eCollection 2025.
Over-the-counter cannabidiol (CBD) products are showing substantial growth in marked share in recent years. However, the knowledge about health effects of these products is currently weak. In an explorative, retrospective online survey, the reasons for consumption, possible health-promoting or therapeutic effects, and adverse effects among CBD consumers in Germany were investigated. The anonymous questionnaire was accessible from 21 February 2023 to 20 June 2023. Participants (n = 208) were recruited mainly via social internet platforms. The study data was collected and managed using SoSci-Survey. The study group was predominantly female (66%), between 41-60 years old (46%), and most of them were chronic CBD consumers (>3 months, at least daily). The principal mode of CBD use was oil (36%) with a CBD concentration between 10%-20%. Overall, the CBD products were mostly reported to have a positive effect on health. One of the main reasons for use was for improving physical and mental capacities. Here, the effect of CBD was rated effective for helping the general state of health (89%), and for the wellbeing (89%). In 79% of cases, the CBD product was rated as effective in alleviating disease symptoms. Improvements were reported especially in relief from pain (general, chronic, muscle and joint pain), or psychological symptoms (sleep disorders, nervousness, anxiety). Reported adverse effects were mainly dry mouth and sleepiness, but for 69% of the participants, no adverse effects were reported. A strong belief in the efficacy of dietary supplements, natural remedies, and CBD products among users suggests that expectation and placebo effects may have played a relevant role in the reported outcomes. This should be considered when interpreting the results and underlines the need for further controlled studies to differentiate pharmacological effects from psychological influences.
近年来，非处方大麻二酚（CBD）产品的市场份额显著增长。然而，目前人们对这些产品的健康影响了解甚少。在一项探索性的回顾性在线调查中，对德国CBD消费者的消费原因、可能的健康促进或治疗作用以及不良反应进行了调查。匿名问卷于2023年2月21日至2023年6月20日可获取。参与者（n = 208）主要通过社交网络平台招募。研究数据使用SoSci-Survey进行收集和管理。研究组以女性为主（66%），年龄在41 - 60岁之间（46%），其中大多数是长期CBD消费者（>3个月，至少每天使用）。CBD的主要使用方式是油剂（36%），CBD浓度在10% - 20%之间。总体而言，大多数人报告称CBD产品对健康有积极影响。使用的主要原因之一是改善身体和心理能力。在此方面，CBD被认为对帮助改善总体健康状况（89%）和幸福感（89%）有效。在79%的案例中，CBD产品被认为对缓解疾病症状有效。尤其在缓解疼痛（一般疼痛、慢性疼痛、肌肉和关节疼痛）或心理症状（睡眠障碍、紧张、焦虑）方面有改善报告。报告的不良反应主要是口干和嗜睡，但69%的参与者未报告有不良反应。用户对膳食补充剂、天然药物和CBD产品疗效的强烈信念表明，期望和安慰剂效应可能在报告的结果中起到了相关作用。在解释结果时应考虑到这一点，并强调需要进一步进行对照研究，以区分药理作用和心理影响。
