Griffin M F, Szarko M, Seifailan A, Butler P E
University College London Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, London, UK.
Anatomy Department, St Georges Hospital, London, UK.
Open Orthop J. 2016 Dec 30;10:824-835. doi: 10.2174/1874325001610010824. eCollection 2016.
Natural cartilage regeneration is limited after trauma or degenerative processes. Due to the clinical challenge of reconstruction of articular cartilage, research into developing biomaterials to support cartilage regeneration have evolved. The structural architecture of composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is vital in guiding cell adhesion, migration and formation of cartilage. Current technologies have tried to mimic the cell's nanoscale microenvironment to improve implants to improve cartilage tissue repair.
This review evaluates nanoscale techniques used to modify the implant surface for cartilage regeneration.
The surface of biomaterial is a vital parameter to guide cell adhesion and consequently allow for the formation of ECM and allow for tissue repair. By providing nanosized cues on the surface in the form of a nanotopography or nanosized molecules, allows for better control of cell behaviour and regeneration of cartilage. Chemical, physical and lithography techniques have all been explored for modifying the nanoscale surface of implants to promote chondrocyte adhesion and ECM formation.
Future studies are needed to further establish the optimal nanoscale modification of implants for cartilage tissue regeneration.
创伤或退行性病变后，天然软骨的再生能力有限。鉴于关节软骨重建面临的临床挑战，开发支持软骨再生的生物材料的研究不断发展。软骨细胞外基质（ECM）的结构组成对于引导细胞黏附、迁移以及软骨形成至关重要。当前技术试图模拟细胞的纳米级微环境来改进植入物，以促进软骨组织修复。
本综述评估了用于修饰植入物表面以促进软骨再生的纳米级技术。
生物材料的表面是引导细胞黏附从而形成ECM并实现组织修复的关键参数。通过以纳米形貌或纳米级分子的形式在表面提供纳米级线索，可以更好地控制细胞行为并促进软骨再生。化学、物理和光刻技术均已用于修饰植入物的纳米级表面，以促进软骨细胞黏附及ECM形成。
未来需要进一步研究以确定用于软骨组织再生的植入物的最佳纳米级修饰方法。
