Powers Jennifer R, Loxton Deborah, Anderson Amy E, Dobson Annette J, Mishra Gita D, Hockey Richard, Brown Wendy J
Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia.
Health Promot J Austr. 2017 Dec;28(3):255-259. doi: 10.1071/HE16085.
Issue addressed Smoking, risky drinking, overweight and obesity, and physical inactivity are health-risk factors (HRFs) that contribute significantly to morbidity worldwide. Several initiatives have been introduced over the past two decades to reduce these HRFs. This paper examines changes in the prevalence of HRFs in young women (aged 18-23 years) between 1996 and 2013, overall and within demographic groups. Methods Data from two cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, born in 1973-78 (n=14247) and 1989-95 (n=17012) were weighted to provide national estimates. Prevalence ratios were used to compare HRFs in 2013 relative to 1996. Results In 1996, 32% were current smokers, 38% were risky drinkers, 22% were overweight or obese and 7% were physically inactive. In 2013, corresponding estimates were 19%, 35%, 33% and 6%. Between 1996 and 2013, overall smoking prevalence decreased, but remained over 43% among least educated women. Overweight and obesity increased in all demographic groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that only smoking, which has been the subject of changes in taxation, legislation and regulation, declined significantly, in all except the least educated women. In contrast, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, which has largely been addressed through awareness campaigns and voluntary actions by the food industry, increased markedly in all demographic sub-groups. So what? The findings show that comprehensive health promotion interventions, such as those for tobacco control, are successful (but may still be ineffective among less educated women). In contrast the measures to control population weight gain among young women have been futile so far.
吸烟、危险饮酒、超重及肥胖以及缺乏身体活动都是健康风险因素（HRF），在全球范围内对发病率有重大影响。在过去二十年里，已推出多项举措来降低这些健康风险因素。本文研究了1996年至2013年间年轻女性（18 - 23岁）总体及不同人口群体中健康风险因素流行率的变化情况。
对澳大利亚妇女健康纵向研究中出生于1973 - 1978年（n = 14247）和1989 - 1995年（n = 17012）的两个队列的数据进行加权，以提供全国估计值。使用患病率比值来比较2013年与1996年的健康风险因素。
1996年，32%的人是当前吸烟者，38%的人危险饮酒，22%的人超重或肥胖，7%的人缺乏身体活动。2013年，相应的估计值分别为19%、35%、33%和6%。1996年至2013年间，总体吸烟率下降，但在受教育程度最低的女性中仍超过43%。所有人口群体中超重和肥胖率都有所上升。
研究结果表明，只有吸烟率显著下降，除受教育程度最低的女性外，其他女性吸烟率均有下降，吸烟一直是税收、立法和监管变化的对象。相比之下，主要通过提高认识运动和食品行业的自愿行动来解决的超重和肥胖率，在所有人口亚组中都显著上升。那又如何？研究结果表明，全面的健康促进干预措施，如烟草控制措施是成功的（但在受教育程度较低的女性中可能仍然无效）。相比之下，到目前为止控制年轻女性群体体重增加的措施一直没有成效。
