Goergen Matthew J, Holton Nathan E, Grünheid Thorsten
Division of Orthodontics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Department of Orthodontics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
J Anat. 2017 May;230(5):689-700. doi: 10.1111/joa.12596. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
The nasal septal cartilage is thought to be a key growth center that contributes to nasofacial skeletal development. Despite the developmental influence of the nasal septum however, humans often exhibit a high frequency of septal deviation suggesting discordance in the growth between the septum and surrounding nasofacial skeleton. While there are numerous etiological factors that contribute to septal deviation, the surrounding nasofacial skeleton may also act to constrain the septum, resulting in altered patterns of growth. That is, while the nasal septum has a direct morphogenetic influence on aspects of the nasofacial skeleton, other nasofacial skeletal components may restrict septal growth resulting in deviation. Detailing the developmental relationship between these structures is important not only for understanding the causal determinants of nasal septal deviation, but also for developing a broader understanding of the complex interaction between the facial skeleton and chondrocranium. We selected 66 non-syndromic subjects from the University of Minnesota Orthodontic Clinic who ranged from 7 to 18 years in age and had an existing pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. Using CBCT data, we examined the developmental relationship between nasal septal deviation and the surrounding nasofacial skeleton. We measured septal deviation as a percentage of septal volume relative to a modeled non-deviated septum. We then collected a series of coordinate landmark data in the region immediately surrounding the nasal septum in the midsagittal plane representing the nasofacial skeleton. First, we examined ontogenetic changes in the magnitude of nasal septal deviation relative to chronological age and nasofacial size. Next, using Procrustes-based geometric morphometric techniques, we assessed the morphological relationship between nasal septal deviation and nasofacial skeletal shape. Our results indicate that variation in the magnitude of nasal septal deviation was established in our earliest age group and maintained throughout ontogeny. Moreover, nasal septal deviation was correlated with non-allometric variation in nasofacial shape restricted to the region of the anterior sphenoid body. Ultimately, our results suggest that early developmental variation in midline basicranial components may act to alter or constrain patterns of nasal septal growth.
鼻中隔软骨被认为是一个关键的生长中心,对鼻面部骨骼发育有重要作用。然而,尽管鼻中隔有发育方面的影响,但人类鼻中隔偏曲的发生率往往较高,这表明鼻中隔与周围鼻面部骨骼之间的生长不协调。虽然有许多病因导致鼻中隔偏曲,但周围的鼻面部骨骼也可能对鼻中隔起到限制作用,从而导致生长模式改变。也就是说,虽然鼻中隔对鼻面部骨骼的某些方面有直接的形态发生影响,但其他鼻面部骨骼成分可能会限制鼻中隔的生长,导致偏曲。详细了解这些结构之间的发育关系不仅对于理解鼻中隔偏曲的因果决定因素很重要,而且对于更广泛地理解面部骨骼和软骨颅之间的复杂相互作用也很重要。我们从明尼苏达大学正畸诊所选取了66名非综合征患者,年龄在7至18岁之间,且有治疗前的锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)图像。利用CBCT数据,我们研究了鼻中隔偏曲与周围鼻面部骨骼之间的发育关系。我们将鼻中隔偏曲测量为相对于模拟的无偏曲鼻中隔的鼻中隔体积百分比。然后,我们在矢状面中紧邻鼻中隔的区域收集了一系列代表鼻面部骨骼的坐标地标数据。首先,我们研究了鼻中隔偏曲程度相对于实际年龄和鼻面部大小的个体发育变化。接下来,我们使用基于普氏分析法的几何形态测量技术,评估了鼻中隔偏曲与鼻面部骨骼形状之间的形态关系。我们的结果表明,鼻中隔偏曲程度的变化在我们最早的年龄组中就已确定,并在整个个体发育过程中保持不变。此外,鼻中隔偏曲与仅限于蝶骨体前部区域的鼻面部形状的非异速生长变化相关。最终,我们的结果表明,中线颅底成分的早期发育变化可能会改变或限制鼻中隔的生长模式。