Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illionois at Urbana-Champaign.
School of Human Kinetics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Exerc Immunol Rev. 2017;23:82-95.
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), the most primitive cells of the hematopoietic system responsible for maintaining all mature blood cells, display the hallmark characteristics of self-renewal and multi-potent differentiation into mature cell lineages. HSPC activity is directed by the bone marrow niche, a complex environment composed of heterogeneous cell populations that regulate HSPC function through the secretion of a wide array of cytokines and growth factors. Diet induced obesity results in a dramatic remodeling of the bone marrow niche, skewing HSPC function resulting in a compromised immune system. Exercise is a viable treatment option for deficits imposed by obesity and to combat immune dysfunction; however, the impact of exercise on the bone marrow niche is not well defined. This review summarizes the available information on how obesity disrupts the normal bone marrow niche and HSPC function. In addition, we review the limited data available detailing how exercise may be used to combat obesity induced bone marrow dysfunction, and discuss future directions for research in this field.
造血干细胞和祖细胞（HSPC）是造血系统中最原始的细胞，负责维持所有成熟的血细胞，具有自我更新和多能分化为成熟细胞谱系的标志性特征。HSPC 的活性由骨髓龛指导，骨髓龛是一个由异质细胞群组成的复杂环境，通过分泌广泛的细胞因子和生长因子来调节 HSPC 的功能。饮食诱导的肥胖导致骨髓龛的显著重塑，使 HSPC 的功能发生倾斜，导致免疫系统受损。运动是肥胖引起的缺陷和对抗免疫功能障碍的可行治疗选择；然而，运动对骨髓龛的影响尚未得到很好的定义。本综述总结了有关肥胖如何破坏正常骨髓龛和 HSPC 功能的现有信息。此外，我们还回顾了有限的可用数据，详细说明了运动如何用于对抗肥胖引起的骨髓功能障碍，并讨论了该领域未来的研究方向。
