Walker Mary Jean, Rogers Wendy A
Research fellow in the ethics program of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science in the Philosophy Department at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia.
AMA J Ethics. 2017 Feb 1;19(2):176-182. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.2.stas1-1702.
Evidence in medicine can come from more or less trustworthy sources and be produced by more or less reliable methods, and its interpretation can be disputed. As such, it can be unclear when disagreements in medicine result from different, but reasonable, interpretations of the available evidence and when they result from unreasonable refusals to consider legitimate evidence. In this article, we seek to show how assessments of the relevance and implications of evidence are typically affected by factors beyond that evidence itself, such as our beliefs about the credibility of the speaker or source of the evidence. In evaluating evidence, there is thus a need for reflective awareness about why we accept or dismiss particular claims.
医学中的证据可能来自可信度或多或少的来源，由可靠性或多或少的方法产生，其解释也可能存在争议。因此，当医学上的分歧是由于对现有证据的不同但合理的解释，还是由于不合理地拒绝考虑合法证据而产生时，可能并不明确。在本文中，我们试图表明，对证据的相关性和影响的评估通常如何受到证据本身之外的因素影响，比如我们对证据提供者或来源可信度的看法。因此，在评估证据时，有必要反思为何我们接受或摒弃特定的主张。
