Meena Kamlesh K, Sorty Ajay M, Bitla Utkarsh M, Choudhary Khushboo, Gupta Priyanka, Pareek Ashwani, Singh Dhananjaya P, Prabha Ratna, Sahu Pramod K, Gupta Vijai K, Singh Harikesh B, Krishanani Kishor K, Minhas Paramjit S
Department of Microbiology, School of Edaphic Stress Management, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Baramati, India.
Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Feb 9;8:172. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00172. eCollection 2017.
Abiotic stresses are the foremost limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Crop plants need to cope up adverse external pressure created by environmental and edaphic conditions with their intrinsic biological mechanisms, failing which their growth, development, and productivity suffer. Microorganisms, the most natural inhabitants of diverse environments exhibit enormous metabolic capabilities to mitigate abiotic stresses. Since microbial interactions with plants are an integral part of the living ecosystem, they are believed to be the natural partners that modulate local and systemic mechanisms in plants to offer defense under adverse external conditions. Plant-microbe interactions comprise complex mechanisms within the plant cellular system. Biochemical, molecular and physiological studies are paving the way in understanding the complex but integrated cellular processes. Under the continuous pressure of increasing climatic alterations, it now becomes more imperative to define and interpret plant-microbe relationships in terms of protection against abiotic stresses. At the same time, it also becomes essential to generate deeper insights into the stress-mitigating mechanisms in crop plants for their translation in higher productivity. Multi-omics approaches comprising genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics integrate studies on the interaction of plants with microbes and their external environment and generate multi-layered information that can answer what is happening in real-time within the cells. Integration, analysis and decipherization of the big-data can lead to a massive outcome that has significant chance for implementation in the fields. This review summarizes abiotic stresses responses in plants in-terms of biochemical and molecular mechanisms followed by the microbe-mediated stress mitigation phenomenon. We describe the role of multi-omics approaches in generating multi-pronged information to provide a better understanding of plant-microbe interactions that modulate cellular mechanisms in plants under extreme external conditions and help to optimize abiotic stresses. Vigilant amalgamation of these high-throughput approaches supports a higher level of knowledge generation about root-level mechanisms involved in the alleviation of abiotic stresses in organisms.
非生物胁迫是农业生产力的首要限制因素。作物需要通过其内在的生物学机制来应对由环境和土壤条件产生的不利外部压力，否则其生长、发育和生产力将受到影响。微生物是各种环境中最自然的居民，具有巨大的代谢能力来减轻非生物胁迫。由于微生物与植物的相互作用是生命生态系统不可或缺的一部分，它们被认为是在不利外部条件下调节植物局部和系统机制以提供防御的天然伙伴。植物 - 微生物相互作用在植物细胞系统内包含复杂的机制。生物化学、分子和生理学研究正在为理解这些复杂但相互关联的细胞过程铺平道路。在气候不断变化的持续压力下，从抵御非生物胁迫的角度定义和解释植物 - 微生物关系变得更加紧迫。同时，深入了解作物植物的胁迫缓解机制以将其转化为更高的生产力也变得至关重要。包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表型组学的多组学方法整合了关于植物与微生物及其外部环境相互作用的研究，并生成可以回答细胞内实时发生情况的多层次信息。大数据的整合、分析和解码可以带来巨大的成果，在田间实施具有重大机会。本综述总结了植物在生化和分子机制方面对非生物胁迫的反应，随后阐述了微生物介导的胁迫缓解现象。我们描述了多组学方法在生成多方面信息以更好地理解植物 - 微生物相互作用中的作用，这种相互作用在极端外部条件下调节植物的细胞机制并有助于优化非生物胁迫。这些高通量方法的有效融合支持了对参与减轻生物体非生物胁迫的根级机制的更高水平的知识生成。
