Prusator Dawn K, Chang Lin
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7378, USA.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2017;239:177-192. doi: 10.1007/164_2016_121.
Epidemiological studies indicate sex-related differences among functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) wherein females are more likely to receive a diagnosis than their male counterparts. However, the mechanism by which females exhibit an increased vulnerability for development of these pathophysiologies remains largely unknown, and therapeutic treatments are limited. The current chapter focuses on clinical research outlining our current knowledge of factors that contribute to the female predominance among FGID patients such as the menstrual cycle and sex hormones. In addition, we will discuss progress in preclinical research, including animal models, which serve as valuable tools for the investigation of the development and long term manifestation of symptoms observed within the patient population. Although much progress has been made, additional longitudinal studies in both clinical and preclinical research are necessary to identify more specific mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in FGIDs as well as targets for improved therapeutic approaches.
流行病学研究表明，功能性胃肠疾病（FGIDs）存在性别差异，女性比男性更易被诊断为此类疾病。然而，女性在这些病理生理过程中易感性增加的机制仍不清楚，且治疗方法有限。本章重点介绍临床研究，概述我们目前对导致FGID患者中女性占主导地位的因素的认识，如月经周期和性激素。此外，我们还将讨论临床前研究的进展，包括动物模型，这些模型是研究患者群体中观察到的症状发展和长期表现的宝贵工具。尽管已经取得了很大进展，但仍需要在临床和临床前研究中进行更多的纵向研究，以确定FGIDs中性别差异背后更具体的机制以及改进治疗方法的靶点。
