Elenius Varpu, Palomares Oscar, Waris Matti, Turunen Riitta, Puhakka Tuomo, Rückert Beate, Vuorinen Tytti, Allander Tobias, Vahlberg Tero, Akdis Mübeccel, Camargo Carlos A, Akdis Cezmi A, Jartti Tuomas
Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 24;12(2):e0172350. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172350. eCollection 2017.
Tonsils have an active role in immune defence and inducing and maintaining tolerance to allergens. Vitamins A, D, and E, and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 may have immunomodulatory effects. We studied how their serum levels were associated with allergy status, intratonsillar/nasopharyngeal virus detection and intratonsillar expression of T cell- and innate immune response-specific cytokines, transcription factors and type I/II/III interferons in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
110 elective tonsillectomy patients participated. Serum levels of vitamins A, 25(OH)D, and E, LL-37 and allergen-specific IgE as well as nasopharyngeal/intratonsillar respiratory viruses were analyzed. The mRNA expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-28, IL-29, IL-37, TGF-β, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2 and Tbet in tonsils were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.
The median age of the patients was 16 years (range 3-60), 28% of subjects had atopy, and 57% carried ≥1 respiratory virus in nasopharynx. Detection of viruses decreased by age. Higher vitamin A levels showed borderline significance with less viral detection (P = 0.056). Higher 25(OH)D was associated with less allergic rhinitis and atopy (P < 0.05) and higher vitamin E with less self-reported allergy (P < 0.05). In gene expression analyses, 25(OH)D was associated with higher IL-37, vitamin A with higher IFN-γ and vitamin E with less IL-28 (P < 0.05). LL-37 was associated with less FOXP3, RORC2 and IL-17 in tonsils (P < 0.05).
Vitamin D and E levels were associated with less allergic disorders. Vitamin A was linked to antiviral and vitamin D with anti-inflammatory activity. LL-37 and was linked to T regulatory cell effects.
扁桃体在免疫防御以及诱导和维持对过敏原的耐受性方面发挥着积极作用。维生素A、D、E以及抗菌肽LL-37可能具有免疫调节作用。我们研究了在接受扁桃体切除术的患者中，它们的血清水平与过敏状态、扁桃体/鼻咽部病毒检测以及扁桃体中T细胞和固有免疫反应特异性细胞因子、转录因子和I/II/III型干扰素的表达之间的关联。
110例择期扁桃体切除术患者参与研究。分析了血清中维生素A、25(OH)D、E、LL-37和过敏原特异性IgE水平以及鼻咽部/扁桃体呼吸道病毒。通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应分析扁桃体中IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、IL-28、IL-29、IL-37、TGF-β、FOXP3、GATA3、RORC2和Tbet的mRNA表达。
患者的中位年龄为16岁（范围3 - 60岁），28%的受试者有特应性，57%的人鼻咽部携带≥1种呼吸道病毒。病毒检测率随年龄增长而降低。较高的维生素A水平与较少的病毒检测呈临界显著性（P = 0.056）。较高的25(OH)D与较少的过敏性鼻炎和特应性相关（P < 0.05），较高的维生素E与较少的自我报告过敏相关（P < 0.05）。在基因表达分析中，25(OH)D与较高的IL-37相关，维生素A与较高的IFN-γ相关，维生素E与较少的IL-28相关（P < 0.05）。LL-37与扁桃体中较少的FOXP3、RORC2和IL-17相关（P < 0.05）。
维生素D和E水平与较少的过敏性疾病相关。维生素A与抗病毒作用有关，维生素D与抗炎活性有关。LL-37与T调节细胞效应有关。
