Parker H M, Ramachandran R, Nascimento Dos Santos M, Kawaoku A J, Wade C R, Lott K D, McDaniel C D
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, United States.
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, United States.
Theriogenology. 2017 Apr 1;92:137-143. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.024. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
Selecting quail for an increased incidence of parthenogenesis also impacts egg weight and albumen pH as well as reduces hatchability and fertility due to decreased sperm-egg penetration (SEP). However, it is unknown which parental sex is responsible for these changes in quail selected for parthenogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which sex influences egg weight, albumen pH, hatchability, and SEP in birds selected for parthenogenesis. In this study, 2 lines of birds were used: 1 line that was selected for parthenogenesis and 1 line not selected for parthenogenesis (control). Treatments were as follows: control females w/control males, control females w/parthenogenetic line males, parthenogenetic line females w/control males, and parthenogenetic line females w/parthenogenetic line males. Fresh eggs were collected daily, labeled and analyzed for albumen pH and SEP or incubated at 37.5 °C for 20 d of incubation. Eggs were candled at 10 days of incubation (DOI) and eggs exhibiting little or no embryonic development were removed and broken open to determine hatching failure. This was repeated at 20 DOI for eggs that did not hatch. A dam main effect for egg set weight existed with parthenogenetic line dams exhibiting heavier eggs than control dams. The parthenogenetic line dams and sires exhibited lower albumen pH and hatch but a higher incidence of parthenogenesis than control line dams or sires. However, only a sire main effect existed for fertility and SEP. Sires from the parthenogenetic line yielded the highest infertility due to lower SEP. In conclusion, both the parthenogenetic line dams and sires contribute to reduced reproductive performance. However, it appears that the sire from the parthenogenetic line is responsible for lower fertility due to a reduction in SEP. Because the sire has a negative impact on overall fertility, it is possible that males selected for parthenogenesis have poorer semen quality resulting in fewer sperm traversing the oviduct or penetrating the perivitelline layer.
选择孤雌生殖发生率增加的鹌鹑也会影响蛋重和蛋清pH值，并且由于精卵穿透率（SEP）降低而降低孵化率和受精率。然而，尚不清楚在选择用于孤雌生殖的鹌鹑中，哪种亲代性别导致了这些变化。因此，本研究的目的是确定在选择用于孤雌生殖的鸟类中，哪种性别会影响蛋重、蛋清pH值、孵化率和SEP。在本研究中，使用了2系鸟类：1系为选择用于孤雌生殖的品系，1系为未选择用于孤雌生殖的品系（对照）。处理如下：对照雌性与对照雄性、对照雌性与孤雌生殖品系雄性、孤雌生殖品系雌性与对照雄性、孤雌生殖品系雌性与孤雌生殖品系雄性。每天收集新鲜鸡蛋，进行标记并分析蛋清pH值和SEP，或将其在37.5°C下孵化20天。在孵化第10天（DOI）对鸡蛋进行照蛋，去除胚胎发育很少或没有胚胎发育的鸡蛋并打开以确定孵化失败情况。对于未孵化的鸡蛋，在孵化第20天DOI时重复此操作。存在母系对产蛋重量的主要影响，孤雌生殖品系的母系所产鸡蛋比对照母系的更重。孤雌生殖品系的母系和父系的蛋清pH值和孵化率较低，但孤雌生殖发生率高于对照品系的母系或父系。然而，对于受精率和SEP仅存在父系的主要影响。由于SEP较低，孤雌生殖品系的父系导致最高的不育率。总之，孤雌生殖品系的母系和父系都会导致繁殖性能下降。然而，似乎孤雌生殖品系的父系由于SEP降低而导致受精率较低。由于父系对总体受精率有负面影响，有可能选择用于孤雌生殖的雄性精液质量较差，导致穿过输卵管或穿透卵黄膜层的精子减少。
