Rosemann Stephanie, Wefel Inga-Maria, Elis Volkan, Fahle Manfred
Department of Human-Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Department of Human-Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
J Optom. 2017 Oct-Dec;10(4):242-251. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2016.12.003. Epub 2017 Feb 23.
Detection and identification of moving targets is of paramount importance in everyday life, even if it is not widely tested in optometric practice, mostly for technical reasons. There are clear indications in the literature that in perception of moving targets, vision and hearing interact, for example in noisy surrounds and in understanding speech. The main aim of visual perception, the ability that optometry aims to optimize, is the identification of objects, from everyday objects to letters, but also the spatial orientation of subjects in natural surrounds. To subserve this aim, corresponding visual and acoustic features from the rich spectrum of signals supplied by natural environments have to be combined.
Here, we investigated the influence of an auditory motion stimulus on visual motion detection, both with a concrete (left/right movement) and an abstract auditory motion (increase/decrease of pitch).
We found that incongruent audiovisual stimuli led to significantly inferior detection compared to the visual only condition. Additionally, detection was significantly better in abstract congruent than incongruent trials. For the concrete stimuli the detection threshold was significantly better in asynchronous audiovisual conditions than in the unimodal visual condition.
We find a clear but complex pattern of partly synergistic and partly inhibitory audio-visual interactions. It seems that asynchrony plays only a positive role in audiovisual motion while incongruence mostly disturbs in simultaneous abstract configurations but not in concrete configurations. As in speech perception in hearing-impaired patients, patients suffering from visual deficits should be able to benefit from acoustic information.
移动目标的检测与识别在日常生活中至关重要，即便在验光实践中因技术原因未得到广泛测试。文献中有明确迹象表明，在移动目标的感知中，视觉与听觉相互作用，例如在嘈杂环境以及言语理解方面。视觉感知的主要目的，即验光旨在优化的能力，是识别物体，从日常物体到字母，还包括主体在自然环境中的空间定向。为实现这一目的，必须整合自然环境提供的丰富信号频谱中的相应视觉和声学特征。
在此，我们研究了听觉运动刺激对视觉运动检测的影响，既有具体的（左右移动），也有抽象的听觉运动（音高的升高/降低）。
我们发现，与仅视觉条件相比，不一致的视听刺激导致检测效果显著较差。此外，在抽象一致的试验中检测明显优于不一致的试验。对于具体刺激，异步视听条件下的检测阈值明显优于单峰视觉条件。
我们发现了一种清晰但复杂的模式，即视听交互部分协同、部分抑制。似乎异步仅在视听运动中起积极作用，而不一致在同时出现的抽象配置中大多起干扰作用，但在具体配置中并非如此。如同听力受损患者的言语感知一样，患有视觉缺陷的患者应该能够从声学信息中受益。
