Kohl R L
Division of Space Biomedicine, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas 77058.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987 Sep;58(9 Pt 2):A266-9.
Metoclopramide was orally administered (10 or 20 mg) to 22 subjects, 75 min before parabolic flight. Serum levels of ACTH, EPI, NE, and vasopressin (AVP) were unaltered by metoclopramide. AVP and ACTH (1.2 and 36 pg.ml-1) were elevated 77 and 3.8-fold (92.3 and 135 pg.ml-1) following emesis, after 40 parabolas (68.7 and 140 pg.ml-1) and landing (8.7 and 79 pg.ml-1). Seven subjects displaying no nausea and no emesis demonstrated smaller elevations (8.2 and 2.2-fold). Of 15 vomiting subjects, 7 reported no nausea and had lower elevations of AVP with faster recoveries. These findings are consistent with Rowe's suggestion (1979) that nausea may correlate with AVP release. Inhibition of AVP release by fluid shifts during microgravity might account for our findings and astronaut-reported episodes of vomiting without nausea. Elevations in EPI followed emesis or exposure to 40 parabolas whether emesis occurred or not. Only emesis elevated NE (578 to 840 pg.ml-1).
甲氧氯普胺在抛物线飞行前75分钟口服给予22名受试者（10或20毫克）。甲氧氯普胺对促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、肾上腺素（EPI）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和血管加压素（AVP）的血清水平没有影响。呕吐后、40次抛物线飞行后（68.7和140 pg/ml-1）以及着陆后（8.7和79 pg/ml-1），AVP和ACTH（分别为1.2和36 pg/ml-1）升高了77倍和3.8倍（分别为92.3和135 pg/ml-1）。7名未出现恶心和呕吐的受试者升高幅度较小（8.2倍和2.2倍）。在15名呕吐的受试者中，7名报告没有恶心，AVP升高幅度较低且恢复较快。这些发现与罗（1979年）的建议一致，即恶心可能与AVP释放有关。微重力期间液体转移对AVP释放的抑制可能解释了我们的发现以及宇航员报告的无恶心呕吐发作。无论是否发生呕吐，呕吐或暴露于40次抛物线飞行后EPI都会升高。只有呕吐会使NE升高（从578至840 pg/ml-1）。
